Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Ciconiimorphae – herons, storks and relatives

After Livezay & Zusi, 2007, with Recent species from Peterson, 2002-2004 and Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992

Alternative taxonomy after Olson, 1985, Ericson, 1995, Feduccia, 1996

Alternative phylogeny after Bourdon, Bouya & Iarochène, 2005

<==o Ciconiimorphae (Garrod, 1874) (stork-like birds; kattohaikaramaiset linnut)
   |--o Ardeiformes (Wagler, 1831) (herons; haikaralinnut)
   |  |--o Cochleariidae Ridgway, 1887 [Cochleariinae Chenu & Des Murs 1854] (Boat-billed Herons; ruuhinokat)
   |  |  `--o Cochlearius cochlearius (Linnaeus,1766) Brisson, 1760 (ruuhinokka)
   |  |     |-- C. c. cochlearius (Linnaeus, 1766) (Southern Boat-billed Heron)
   |  |     |-- C. c. panamensis Griscom, 1926
   |  |     |-- C. c. phillipsi Dickerman, 1973
   |  |     |-- C. c. ridgwayi Dickerman, 1973
   |  |     `-- C. c. zeledoni (Ridgway, 1885) (Northern Boat-billed Heron)
   |  `--o Ardeidae Vigors, 1825 (herons; haikarat)
   |     |?- †Calcardea junnei
   |     |--o Botaurinae Bock, 1956
   |     |  |-- Botaurini (Bock, 1956) (kaulushaikarat)
   |     |  `-- Tigriornithini Bock, 1956 [Tigrisomatinae] (tiikerihaikarat)
   |     `--o Ardeinae
   |        |-- Nycticoracinae Bock, 1956 (yöhaikarat)
   |        `-- Ardeini Bock, 1956 (varsinaiset haikarat)
   `--o Ciconiiformes Garrod, 1874 [incl. Phoenicopteriformes] (storks, ibises, etc.; kattohaikaralinnut)
      |--o Scopus (varjohaikarat) [Scopi (Bonaparte, 1853): Scopidae (Bonaparte, 1853)] (hammercops; varjohaikarat)
      |  |-- †S. xenopus
      |  `-- S. umbretta (varjohaikara)
      `--o Ciconiae (Bonaparte, 1874)
         |--o Ciconioidea (Sundevall, 1836)
         |  |-- Phoenicopteridae Bonaparte, 1838 (flamingoes; flamingot)
         |  `-- Ciconiidae Sundevall, 1836 (storks, kattohaikarat)
         `--o Threskiornithoidea (Richmond, 1917)
            |-- Threskiornithidae Richmond, 1917 (Ibeses; iibikset)
            `--o Plataleidae (Bonaparte, 1838) (kapustahaikarat)
               |-- Ajaia ajaja (ruusukapustahaikara
               `--o Platalea Linnaeus, 1758 (kapustahaikarat)
                  |-- P. leucorodia Linnaeus, 1758 (kapustahaikara)
                  |-- P. minor Temminck & Schlegel, 1849 (pikkukapustahaikara)
                  |-- P. flavipes Gould, 1838 (keltakapustahaikara)
                  |-- P. alba Scopoli, 1786 (afrikankapustahaikara)
                  `-- P. regia Gould, 1838 (australiankapustahaikara)

<==o Ciconiimorphae
   |?-o Podicipediformes
   |  `-- Podicipedidae
   `--+--o Ciconiiformes
      |  |?-o †Xenerodiopidae
      |  |  `-- †Xenerodiops
      |  |?- Ardeidae
      |  |?-o Scopus
      |  |  |-- †S. xenopus
      |  |  `-- S. umbretta
      |  |-- Plataleidae
      |  `--+-- Vulturides
      |     `-- “Ciconida”
      `?-o “Pelecanimorphae”
         |-- Pelecaniformes
         `--o “Procellariimorphae”
            |--+?- Phaethontes
            |  `-- Procellariiformes
            `?-o “Gaviomorphae”
               |?- Gaviiformes
               `-- Sphenisciformes

<==o “Ciconiimorphae”
   |?-o Ciconiiformes (haikaralinnut) [possibly para- and polyphyletic]
   |  |?- Ardeidae
   |  |-- Plataleidae
   |  `--+-- Vulturides
   |     `-- “Ciconida”
   |--+-- Spheniscidae
   |  `--+-- Gaviidae
   |     `-- Podicipedidae
   `--+--+-- Phaethontes
      |  `-- Procellariiformes
      `-+-- Scopus
        `--+-- Balaenicipitidae
           `-- Steganopodes

Reference(s):

• Ericson, P. G. P. 1996: Systematic relationships of the Palaeogene family Presbyornithidae(Aves: Anseriformes).
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 121, #4, pp. 429-483
• Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
  –Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196
• Feduccia, A., 1996: The origin and evolution of birds.
  –Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996, xii-420
• Grellet-Tinner, G., 2001: A re-evaluation of the Australian Snake Dam eggshell: Phylogenetic and temporal implications.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, Supplement to #3, pp. 57A
• Livezey, B. C. & Zusi, R. L., 2007: Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comperative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 149, #1, pp. 1-95
• Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
  –Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
        Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
  –Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990
• Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
  in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
  –Academic Press, New York. 1985.
• Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
  –iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21]
• Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, J., BL., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
  –Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990.
XXIV-1111.