After Sibley & Monroe, 1990, and Peterson, 2002-2004, with Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Sternidae (terns; tiirat) |--o Chlidonias Rafinesque, 1822 (mustatiirat) | |-- C. albostriatus (G.R. Gray, 1845) (uudenseelannintiira) | |-- C. hybrida (Pallas, 1811) [C. hybridus] (valkoposkitiira) | |-- C. leucopterus (Temminck, 1815) (valkosiipitiira) | `-- C. niger (Linnaeus, 1758) (mustatiira) |-- Phaetusa simplex (Gmelin, 1789) Wagler, 1832 (isonokkatiira) |-- Sterna Linnaeus, 1758 (kalatiirat) |-- Larosterna inca (Lesson, 1827) Blyth, 1852 (inkatiira) |--o Procelsterna cerulea (F.D. Bennett, 1840) Lafresnaye, 1842 (sinitiira) | |-- P. c. cerulea (blue noddy) | `-- P. c. albivitta (grey noddy) |--o Anous Stephens, 1826 (ruskotiirat) | |-- A. stolidus (Linnaeus, 1758) (ruskotiira) | |-- A. tenuirostris (Temminck, 1823) (pikkuruskotiira) | `-- A. minutus Boie, 1844 (tummaruskotiira) `--o Gygis Wagler, 1832 (keijutiirat) |-- G. microrhyncha H. Saunders, 1876 (little white tern) `--o G. alba (Sparrman, 1786) (keijutiira) |-- G. a. candida (common white tern) `-- G. a. alba (atlantic white tern)
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1997: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1975: Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Baleobiology: Vol. 23, pp. iv-49 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.