After Ericson, 1996, and Peterson, 2002-2004, with Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Scolopaci |--o Scolopacidae [incl. Phalaropodidae] (kurpat) | |?- †Paractitis bardi | |?- †Erolia melanotos | |--+-- Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein, 1812) Lesson, 1831 (preeriakahlaaja) | | `--o Numenius Brisson, 1760 (kuovit) | | |--+-- N. minutus Gould, 1841 (taigakuovi) | | | `-- N. borealis (J.R. Forster, 1772) (Eskimo curlew; eskimokuovi) [almost or already extinct, last reliable report 1981?] | | |-- N. tahitiensis Gmelin, 1789) (alaskankuovi) | | |-- N. tenuirostris Vieillot, 1817 (siperiankuovi) | | |-- N. arquata (Linnaeus, 1758) (kuovi) | | |-- N. madagascariensis (Linnaeus, 1766) (ohotankuovi) | | |-- N. americanus Bechstein, 1812 (amerikankuovi) | | `--o N. phaeopus (Linnaeus, 1758) (pikkukuovi) | | |-- N. p. phaeopus (Whimbrel) | | `-- N. p. hudsonicus (Hudsonian Curlew) | `--+--o Limosa Brisson, 1760 (kuirit) | | |-- †L. gypsorum | | |-- L. limosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (mustapyrstökuiri) | | |-- L. haemastica (Linnaeus, 1758) (eskimokuiri) | | |-- L. lapponica (Linnaeus, 1758) (punakuiri) | | `-- L. fedoa (Linnaeus, 1758) (ruostekuiri) | `--+--+--+-- Lymnocryptes minimus (Brunnich, 1764) Boie, 1826 (jänkäkurppa) | | | `--o Limnodromus Wied-Neuwied, 1833 (kurppelot) | | | |-- L. griseus (Gmelin, 1789) (rämekurppelo) | | | |-- L. scolopaceus (Say, 1823) (tundrakurppelo) | | | `-- L. semipalmatus (Blyth, 1848) (arokurppelo) | | `--+--o Scolopax Linnaeus, 1758 [incl.? Philohela] [Scolopacinae] (lehtokurpat) | | | |-- S. rusticola Linnaeus, 1758 (lehtokurppa) | | | |-- S. mira Hartert, 1916 (riukiunkurppa) | | | |-- S. bukidnonensis Kennedy, Fisher, Harrap, Deismos & Manamtam, 2001 | | | |-- S. saturata Horsfield, 1821 (sundankurppa) | | | |-- S. rosenbergii Schlegel, 1871 | | | |-- S. celebensis Riley, 1921 (celebesinkurppa) | | | |-- S. rochussenii Schlegel, 1866 (molukkienkurppa) | | | `-- S. minor Gmelin, 1789 [Philohela minor (Gmelin, 1789)] (amerikanlehtokurppa) | | `--o ?Gallinagoninae (snipes; kurpat) | | |--o Coenocorypha G.R. Gray, 1855 (töpökurpat) | | | |-- †C. sp. [<Norfolk Island>] | | | |-- †C. sp. [<Fiji>] | | | |-- †C.? sp. [<New Caledonia>] | | | |--+-- †C. chathamica (Forbes, 1893) (Forbes' snipe) | | | | `-- C. pusilla (Buller, 1869) (Chatham Island's Snipe; chathamsaartenkurppa) | | | `--+-- C. huegeli [C. aucklandica huegeli] (Snares Island snipe) | | | |-- †C. iredalei Rothschild, 1921 [C. aucklandica. iredalei Rothschild, 1921] (Stewart Island snipe, South Island snipe) | | | |-- †C. barrierensis Olivier, 1955 [C. aucklandica. barrierensis Olivier, 1955] (Little Barrier Island snipe, North Island snipe) | | | `--+-- C. aucklandica (G.R. Gray, 1845) (Auckland Island snipe; töpökurppa) | | | |-- C. meinertzhagenae Rothschild, 1927 [C. aucklandica. meinertzhagenae Rothschild, 1927] (Antipodes Island snipe) | | | `-- †C. sp. [Jacquemart Island, Campbell Islands] [Holdaway et al., 2001, Worthy et al., 2002] | | `--o Gallinago Brisson, 1760 [Capella] (kurpat) | | |-- G. solitaria Hodgson, 1831 (vuorikurppa) | | |-- G. hardwickii (J.E. Gray, 1831) (japaninkurppa) | | |-- G. nemoricola Hodgson, 1836 (himalajankurppa) | | |-- G. stenura (Bonaparte, 1831) (suippopyrstökurppa) | | |-- G. megala Swinhoe, 1861 (siperiankurppa) | | |-- G. media (Latham, 1787) (heinäkurppa) | | |-- G.delicata Ord, 1825 [Gallinago gallinago delicata] (Wilson's Snipe) | | |-- G. gallinago (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common Snipe; taivaanvuohi) | | |-- G. nigripennis Bonaparte, 1839 (afrikankurppa) | | |-- G. macrodactyla Bonaparte, 1839 (madagaskarinkurppa) | | |--o G. paraguaiae (Vieillot, 1816) (eteläamerikankurppa) | | | |-- G. p. paraguaiae (paraguayan Snipe) | | | `-- G. p. magellanica (magellanic Snipe) | | |-- G. andina Taczanowski, 1875 (puna Snipe) | | |-- G. nobilis P.L. Sclater, 1856 (ylänkökurppa) | | |-- G. undulata (Boddaert, 1748) (isokurppa) | | |-- G. stricklandii (G.R. Gray, 1845) (tulimaankurppa) | | |-- G. jamesoni (Bonaparte, 1855) (andienkurppa) | | `-- G. imperialis P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1896 (inkakurppa) | `--+--+--o Phalaropus Brisson, 1760 [incl. Steganopus Vieillot, 1819] [Phalaropodidae] (vesipääskyt) | | | |?- P. tricolor (Vieillot, 1819) [Steganopus tricolor Vieillot, 1819] (Wilson's phalarope; amerikanvesipääsky) [not recognized by Peterson, 2004] | | | |-- P. lobatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (vesipääsky) | | | `-- P. fulicarius (Linnaeus, 1758) [P. fulicaria] (isovesipääsky) | | `--o ?Tringinae (viklojensukuiset) | | |?-o Prosobonia Bonaparte, 1850 [Aechmorhynchus] (tuamotunsirrit; paumotonkuirit) | | | |-- P. parvirostris (Peale, 1848) | | | |-- †P. cancellata (Gmelin, 1789) (tuamotunsirri) | | | |-- †P. leucoptera (Gmelin, 1789) (valkosiipisirri) | | | `-- †P. ellisi Sharpe, 1906 | | |-- Xenus cinerus (Guldenstadt, 1775) Kaup, 1829 [Tringa cinerea] (rantakurvi) | | `--+--o Actitis Illiger, 1811 [sg.?=> Tringa] (rantasipit) | | | |-- A. hypoleucos (Linnaeus, 1758 [Tringa hypoleucos Linnaeus, 1758] (rantasipi) | | | `-- A. macularia (Linnaeus, 1766) [Tringa macularia Linnaeus, 1766] (amerikansipi) | | `--+-- Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Gmelin, 1789) Bonaparte, 1827 (preeriaviklo) | | `--+--o Heteroscelus SF Baird, 1858 [sg.?=> Tringa] | | | |-- H. brevipes (Vieillot, 1816) [Tringa brevipes] (taigaviklo) | | | `-- H. incana (Gmelin, 1789) [Tringa incana] (harmaaviklo) | | `--o Tringa Linnaeus, 1758 [incl.? Totanus] (viklot) | | |?- †T. edwardsi [Totanus edwardsi] | | |-- †T. antiqua Feduccia, 1970 | | |-- †T. sp.1 Bickard, 1990 [Olson & Rasmussen, 2001] | | |-- †T. sp.2 Bickard, 1990 [Olson & Rasmussen, 2001] | | |-- T. erythropus (Pallas, 1764) (mustaviklo) | | |-- T. totanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (punajalkaviklo) | | |-- T. stagnatilis (Bechstein, 1803) (lampiviklo) | | |-- T. nebularia (Gunnerus, 1767) (valkoviklo) | | |-- T. guttifer (Nordmann, 1835) (täpläviklo) | | |-- T. melanoleuca (Gmelin, 1789) [Totanus melanoleucus] (amerikanvalkoviklo) | | |-- T. flavipes (Gmelin, 1789) [Totanus flavipes] (keltajalkaviklo) | | |-- T. ochropus Linnaeus, 1758 (metsäviklo) | | |-- T. solitaria A. Wilson, 1813 (amerikanmetsäviklo) | | `-- T. glareola Linnaeus, 1758 (liro) | `--+--o Arenaria Brisson, 1760 [Arenariinae] (karikukot) | | |-- A. interpres (Linnaeus, 1758) (karikukko) | | `-- A. melanocephala (Vigors, 1892) (alaskankarikukko) | `--o Calidridinae (sirrit) | |--+-- Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot, 1819) Cabanis, 1857 (tundravikla) | | `-- Micropalama himantopus (Bonaparte, 1826) [Calidris himantopus] (pitkäkoipisirri) | |--+-- Philomachus pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758) Merrem, 1804 (suokukko) | | `-- Limicola falcinellus (Pontoppidan, 1763) Koch, 1816 (jänkäsirriäinen) | `--+-- Eurynorhynchus pygmeus (Linnaeus, 1758) Nilsson, 1821 (lusikkasirri) | `--+-- Aphriza virgata (Gmelin, 1789) Audubon, 1839 (tyrskykahlaaja) | `--o Calidris Merrem, 1804 [incl.? Ereunetes] (knots; sirrit) | |--o C. canutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (knot; isosirri) | | |-- C. c. canutus | | |-- C. c. islandica (Icelandic knot; islanninisosirri) | | |-- C. c. rufa | | |-- C. c. roselaari | | `-- C. c. rogersi | |-- C. alba (Pallas, 1764) (pulmussirri) | |-- C. tenuirostris (Horsfield, 1821) (vuorisirri) | |-- C. pusilla [Ereunetes pusillus] (kanadansirri) | |-- C. mauri (Cabanis, 1857) [Ereunetes mauri] (tundrasirri) | |-- C. ruficollis (Pallas, 1776) (rusokaulasirri) | |-- C. minuta (Leisler, 1812) (pikkusirri) | |-- C. temminckii (Leisler, 1812) (lapinsirri) | |-- C. subminuta (Middendorff, 1853) (siperiansirri) | |-- C. minutilla (Vieillot, 1819) (amerikansirri) | |-- C. fuscicollis (Vieillot, 1819) (valkoperäsirri) | |-- C. bairdii (Coues, 1861) (eskimosirri) | |-- C. melanotos (Vieillot, 1819) (palsasirri) | |-- C. acuminata (Horsfield, 1821) (suippopyrstösirri) | |-- C. paramelanotus (aavesirri) | |-- C. maritima (Brunnich, 1764) (merisirri) | |-- C. ptilocnemis (Coues, 1873) (beringinsirri) | |-- C. alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) (suosirri) | `-- C. ferruginea (Pontoppidan, 1763) (kuovisirri) `--+--+-- Pedionomus torquatus Gould, 1841 [Pedionomidae Bonaparte, 1852] (arojuoksijat; collared hemipodes) | `--o Thinocoridae (ylänköjuoksijat) | |--o Attagis I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831 (isoylänköjuoksijat) | | |-- A. gayi I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831 (lumiylänköjuoksija) | | `-- A. malouinus (Boddaert, 1783) (etelänylänköjuoksija) | `--o Thinocorus Eschscholtz, 1829 (pikkuylänköjuoksijat) | |-- T. orbignyianus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831 (pikkuylänköjuoksija) | `-- T. rumicivorus Eschscholtz, 1829 (kääpiöylänköjuoksija) `--+--o Rostratulidae Ridgway, 1919 | |-- Rostratula benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Vieillot, 1816 (keltakurppa) | `-- Nycticryphes semicollaris (Vieillot, 1816) Wetmore & JL Peters, 1923 [Rostratula semicollaris Vieillot, 1816] (amerikankurppa) `--+?- †Vanolimicola longihallucis Mayr, 2017 `--o Jacanidae (jassanat) |?- †Janipes nymphaeobates Rasmussen et al., 1987 |?-o †Nupharanassa Rasmussen et al., 1987 | |-- †N. bulotorum Rasmussen et al., 1987 | `-- †N. tolutaria Rasmussen et al., 1987 |?- Metopidius indicus (Latham, 1790) Wagler, 1832 (pronssijassana) |--+-- Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopoli, 1786) Wagler, 1832 (kirurgijassana) | `--o Jacana Brisson, 1760 (amerikanjassanat) | |-- †J. farrandi | |-- J. spinosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (amerikanjassana) | `-- J. jacana (Linnaeus, 1766) (helttajassana) `--+--o Actophilornis Oberholster, 1925 (afrikanjassanat) | |-- A. africanus (Gmelin, 1789) (afrikanjassana) | `-- A. albinucha (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832) (madagaskarinjassana) `--+-- Microparra capensis (A. Smith, 1839) Cabanis, 1877 (pikkujassana) `-- Irediparra gallinacea (Temminck, 1828) Mathews, 1911 (lootusjassana) |--o Rynchops Linnaeus, 1758 [Rynchopidae] (scissorbills; saksinokat) | |-- R. niger Linnaeus, 1758 (amerikansaksinokka) | |-- R. flavirostris Vieillot, 1816 (afrikansaksinokka) | `-- R. albicollis Swainson, 1838 (intiansaksinokka) `--+--o Chionis J.R. Forster, 1788 [Chionididae] (tuppinokat) | |-- C. albus (Gmelin, 1789) [G. alba] (keltatuppinokka) | `-- C. minor Hartlaub, 1841 (mustatuppinokka) `--+-- Glareolidae (Pratincoles; pääskykahlaajat) `--+-- Alcidae (ruokit) `--+-- `--+--
Reference(s):
- Ericson, P. G. P. 1996: Systematic relationships of the Palaeogene family Presbyornithidae(Aves: Anseriformes).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 121, #4, pp. 429-483 - Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Mayr, G., 2017: A small, "wader-like" bird from the Early Eocene of Messel (Germany).
–Annales de Paléontologie: in press [doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2017.01.001] - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Rasmussen, D. T., Olson, S. L. & Simons, E. L., 1987: Fossil birds from the Oligocene Jebel Quatrani Formation, Fayum Province, Egypt.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 62, pp. iv-20 - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.