After Olson, 1985, Feduccia, 1980, 1996, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, and Peterson, 2002-2004, with Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Fraterculini (lunnimaiset) |?-o Brachyramphus Brandt, 1837 (murrelets; murrit) | |-- †B. pliocenum | |-- B. marmoratus Gmelin, 1789 (marmorimurri) | |-- B. brevirostris (Vigors, 1829) (lyhytnokkamurri) | `-- B. perdix (Pallas, 1811) |?-o Synthliboramphus Brandt, 1837 [incl.? Endomychura] (crested murrelets; töyhtömurrit) | |?- †S. sp. [B. (E.) sp.] | |-- S. craveri (Salvadori, 1865) (meksikonmurri) [Brachyramphus (Endomychura) craveri] | |--o S. antiquus (Gmelin, 1789) (mustakurkkumurri) | | |-- S. a. antiquus (Gmelin, 1789) | | `-- S. a. microrhynchos Stepanyan, 1972 | |-- S. wumizusume (Temminck, 1836) (töyhtömurri) | `--o S. hypoleucus (Xantus de Vesey, 1860) (kalifornianmurri) [Brachyramphus (Endomychura) hypoleucos] | |-- S. h. hypoleucus (Xantus's Murrelet) | `-- S. h. scrippsi (Scripps's Murrelet) |--o Fratercula Brisson, 1760 (lunnit) | |--+--+-- †F. sp.1 [Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina] [Olson & Rasmussen, 2001] | | | `--o F. arctica (Linnaeus, 1758) (lunni) | | | |-- F. a. arctica (Linnaeus, 1758) | | | |-- F. a. grabae (Brehm, 1831) | | | `-- F. a. naumanni Norton, 1901) | | `-- F. corniculata (Naumann, 1821) (isolunni) | `--+-- †F. sp.2 [Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina] [Olson & Rasmussen, 2001] | `-- F. cirrhata (Pallas, 1769) [Lunda cirrhata Pallas, 1769] (töyhtölunni) `--o Cerorhinca Bonaparte, 1828 (sarvikiislaset) |-- †C. dubia |-- †C. minor |-- †C. sp. `-- C. monocerata (Pallas, 1811) (sarvikiislanen)
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Olson, S. L. & Rasmussen, P. D., 2001: Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. 233-365
in Ray, C. E. & Bohaska, D. J., (eds.) 2001: Geology and paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 90, iii-365 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1981: A third species of Mancalla from the Late Pliocene San Diego Formation of California.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 1, #1, pp. 1-41 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.