After Olson, 1985, Feduccia, 1980, 1996, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, and Peterson, 2002-2004, with Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Burhinidae [Burnithidae lapsus calami] (thick-knees; paksujalat) |--o Esacus Lesson, 1831 [sg.?=> Burhinus] | |-- E. recurvirostris (Cuvier, 1829) [Burhinus recurvirostris] (intianpaksujalka) | `-- E. magnirostris (Vieillot, 1818) [?=> Burhinus giganteus (riuttapaksujalka)] `--o Burhinus Illiger, 1811 (thick-knees; paksujalat) Mioc. NA. Plioc. NA. R. NA. Eu. As. Af. |-- †B. lucorum Bickart, 1981 |-- †B. aquilonaris Feduccia, 1980 |-- B. oedicnemus (Linnaeus, 1758) (paksujalka) |-- B. senegalensis (Swainson, 1837) (sahelinpaksujalka) |-- B. vermiculatus (Cabanis, 1868) (rantapaksujalka) |-- B. capensis (Lichtenstein, 1823) (suomupaksujalka) |-- B. superciliaris (Tschudi,, 1843) (perunpaksujalka) |-- B. grallarius (Latham, 1802) (australianpaksujalka) `--o B. bistriatus (Wagler, 1829) (amerikanpaksujalka) |-- †B. b. nanus (amerikankääpiöpaksujalka) |-- †B. b. sp.? (kuubanpaksujalka) |-- B. b. dominicensis (hispaniolanpaksujalka) `-- B. b. bistriatus (virginianpaksujalka)
Reference(s):
- Bickart, K. J., 1981: A new thick-knee, Burhinus, from the Miocene of Nebraska, with comments on the habitat requirements of the Burhinidae (Aves: Charadriiformes)
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 1, #3-4, pp. 273-277. - Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.