After Howard, 1976, Olson, 1981, 1985, Feduccia, 1980, 1996, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, and Peterson, 2002-2004, with Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Aethiini (kiislaset) |--o Ptychoramphus Brandt, 1837 (ulappakiislaset) | |-- †P. tenuis | `--o P. aleuticus (Pallas, 1811) (ulappakiislanen) | |-- P. a. aleuticus (Pallas, 1811) | `-- P. a. australis Van Rossem, 1939 |-- Cyclorrhynchus psittacula (Pallas, 1769) [Aethia psittacula (Pallas, 1769); Peterson, 2002-2004] (punanokkakiislanen) `--o Aethia Merrem, 1788 (kiislaset) |-- A. cristatella (Pallas, 1769) (töyhtökiislanen) |-- †A. rossmoori |-- †A. sp. |-- A. pusilla (Pallas, 1811) (pikkukiislanen) `-- A. pygmaea (Gmelin, 1789) (hapsukiislanen)
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The origin and evolution of birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996, xii-420 - Howard, H., 1976: A new species of flightless auk from the Miocene of California (Alcidae: Mancallinae). 141-146
in Olson, S. L. (ed.), 1976: Collected papers in avian phylogeny honoring the 90th birthdayof Alaxander Wetmore.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 27, xxvi-211 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1981: A third species of Mancalla from the Late Pliocene San Diego Formation of California.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 1, #1, pp. 1-41 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.