After Olson, 1985, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, and Peterson, 2002-2004, with Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Ardeinae (varsinaiset haikarat) |-- †Proardea amissa |--o †Gnotornis | |-- †G. aramiellus | |-- †G. roardeola | `-- †G. walkeri |-- †Zeltornis ginsburgi |-- †Ardeagradis arborea |-- Syrigma sibilatrix (Temmincik, 1824) Ridgway, 1878 (viheltäjähaikara) |-- Pilherodius pileatus (Boddaert, 1783) Reichenbach, 1852 (kalottihaikara) |--o Ardea Linnaeus, 1758 [incl.? Casmerodius] (harmaahaikarat) | |-- †A. polkensis | |-- †A. howardae | |?-o A. alba Linnaeus, 1758 [Casmerodius albus] (jalohaikara) | | |-- A. a. alba (Great Egret) | | `-- A. a. egretta (American Egret) | |-- A. cocoi Linnaeus, 1766 (eteläamerikanhaikara) | |-- A. pacifica Latham, 1802 (valkopäähaikara) | |-- A. melanocephala Vigors & Children, 1826 (kobolttihaikara) | |-- A. humbloti Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier, 1885 (madagaskarinhaikara) | |-- A. imperialis (himalajanhaikara) | |-- A. sumatrana Raffles, 1822 (paksunokkahaikara) | |-- A. goliath Cretzschmar, 1829 (goljathaikara) | |-- A. insignis Hume, 1878 (himalajanhaikara) | |--o A. purpurea Linnaeus, 1766 (ruskohaikara) | | |-- A. p. purpurea (Purple Heron) | | `-- A. p. bournei (Cape Verde Heron) | |-- A. picata Gould, 1845 [Egretta picata] (valkokaulahaikara) | `--+--o A. cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 (harmaahaikara) | | |-- A. c. cinerea (Grey Heron) | | `-- A. c. monicae (Mauritanian Heron) | `--o A. herodias Linnaeus, 1758 (amerikanharmaahaikara) | |-- A. h. herodias (Great Blue Heron) | |-- A. h. wardi | `-- A. h. occidentalis(?) |--o Mesophoyx intermedia (Wagler, 1829) Sharpe, 1894 (pikkujalohaikara) | |-- o. i. brachyrhyncha (Yellow-billed Egret) | |-- o. i. intermedia (Lesser Egret) | `-- o. i. plumifera (Plumed Egret) |--o Egretta T. Forster, 1817 (jalohaikarat) | |-- †E. subfluvia | |-- E. rufescens (Gmelin, 1789) (klovnihaikara) | |-- E. vinaceigula (Sharpe, 1895) (ruskokurkkuhaikara) | |-- E. ardesiaca (Wagler, 1827) (sysihaikara) | |--o E. tricolor (Statius Muller, 1776) (karibianhaikara) | | |-- E. t. tricolor | | `-- E. t. ruficolis | |-- E. novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) (valkonaamahaikara) | |-- E. caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) (sinihaikara) | |--o E. thula (Molina, 1782) (lumihaikara) | | `-- E. t. thula | |--o E. gularis (Bosc, 1792) (Western Reef Egret) | | |-- E. g. gularis (West African Reef Egret) | | `-- E. g. schistacea (Arabian Reef Egret) | |-- E. dimorpha Hartert, 1914 (Dimorphic Egret) | |--o E. garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766) (silkkihaikara) | | |-- E. g. garzetta | | `-- E. g. nigripes | |-- E. eulophotes (Swinhoe, 1860) (kiinanjalohaikara) | `-- E. sacra (Gmelin, 1789) (korallihaikara) |--o Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) Bonaparte, 1855 (lehmähaikara) | |-- B. i. ibis | `-- B. i. coromanda (Eastern Cattle Egret) |--o Ardeola Boie, 1822 (rääkkähaikarat) | |-- A. ralloides (Scopoli, 1769 (rääkkähaikara) | |-- A. grayii(Sykes, 1832) (riisihaikara) | |-- A. bacchus (Bonaparte, 1855) (kiinanriisihaikara) | |-- A. speciosa (Horsfield, 1821) (jaavanriisihaikara) | |-- A. idae (Hartlaub, 1860) (valkorääkkähaikara) | `-- A. rufiventris (Sundevall, 1850) (punavatsahaikara) |-- Melanophoryx ardesiaca (liuskehaikara) |--o Butorides Blyth, 1852 (kyyryhaikarat) | |-- †B. validipes | |--o B. striata (Linnaeus, 1758) [Ardea striata] (kyyryhaikara) | | |-- B. s. virescens | | `-- B. s. atricapillus | |-- B. virescens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Green Heron) | `-- B. sundevalli (Reichenow, 1877) (Galapagos Heron) `-- Agamia agami (Gmelin, 1789) Reichenbach, 1853 (keihäshaikara)
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, Hew Haven, 1996 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. o. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990,
- Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.