After Huang, Li & Qin,, 2016, with Recent species from Peterson, 2016 and Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
Genera only
<==o Ardeiformes (Wagler, 1831) (herons; haikaralinnut) `--o Ardeidae Vigors, 1825 sensu Huang, Li & Qin,, 2016 |?- †Calcardea junnei |-- Zebrilus undulatus (Gmelin, 1789) Bonaparte, 1855 (nokihaikara) `--+--o Tigriornithini Bock, 1956 [Tigrisomatinae] (tiikerihaikarat) | |?- Zonerodius heliosylus (Lesson & Garnot, 1828) Salvadori, 1882 (papuanhaikara) | |?- Tigriornis leucolopha (Jardine, 1846) [non? Lesson, 1828] Sharpe, 1895 [Tigriornis leucolophus] (afrikantiikerihaikara) | `-- Tigrisoma Swainson, 1827 (tiikerihaikarat) `--+--o Cochleariinae Chenu & Des Murs 1854 [Cochleariidae Ridgway, 1887] (Boat-billed Herons; ruuhinokat) | `-- Cochlearius cochlearius (Linnaeus,1766) Brisson, 1760 (ruuhinokka) `--+--o Botaurinae Bock, 1956 [Botaurini (Bock, 1956)] (kaulushaikarat) | `==o Ixobrychus Billberg, 1828 [incl. Dupetor Heine & Reichenow, 1890] (pikkuhaikarat) | `-- Botaurus Stephens, 1819 (Bittern's; kaulushaikarat) `--o Ardeinae Vigors, 1825 |-- †Proardea amissa |--o †Gnotornis | |-- †G. aramiellus | |-- †G. roardeola | `-- †G. walkeri |-- †Zeltornis ginsburgi |-- †Ardeagradis arborea |--+-- Agamia agami (Gmelin, 1789) Reichenbach, 1853 (keihäshaikara) | `-- Ardeola F Boie, 1822 (rääkkähaikarat) `--+--o Ardeini Vigors, 1825 sensu stricto?? (varsinaiset haikarat) | |-- Ardea Linnaeus, 1758 [incl.? Casmerodius] (harmaahaikarat) | `--+-- Mesophoyx intermedia (Wagler, 1829) Sharpe, 1894 (pikkujalohaikara) | `--+-- Bubulcus Bonaparte, 1855 | `-- Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758; Egretta alba (Cramp and Simmons, 1977)] (Great egret; jalohaikara) `--+--o Nycticoracini Bock, 1956 (yöhaikarat) | |?- Nyctanassa violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) Stejneger, 1887 (kruunuyöhaikara) | |-- Nycticorax T. Forster, 1817 (yöhaikarat) | `--+-- Gorsachius Bonaparte, 1855 (hämyhaikarat) | `-- Butorides Blyth, 1852 (kyyryhaikarat) `--+-- Egretta T. Forster, 1817 [incl. Melanophoryx] (jalohaikarat) `--+-- Pilherodius pileatus (Boddaert, 1783) Reichenbach, 1852 (kalottihaikara) `--o Syrigma sibilatrix (Temmincik, 1824) Ridgway, 1878 (viheltäjähaikara)
with species:
<==o Ardeiformes (Wagler, 1831) (herons; haikaralinnut) `--o Ardeidae Vigors, 1825 sensu Huang, Li & Qin,, 2016 |?- †Calcardea junnei |-- Zebrilus undulatus (Gmelin, 1789) Bonaparte, 1855 (nokihaikara) `--+--o Tigriornithini Bock, 1956 [Tigrisomatinae] (tiikerihaikarat) | |?- Zonerodius heliosylus (Lesson & Garnot, 1828) Salvadori, 1882 (papuanhaikara) | |?- Tigriornis leucolopha (Jardine, 1846) [non? Lesson, 1828] Sharpe, 1895 [Tigriornis leucolophus] (afrikantiikerihaikara) | `--o Tigrisoma Swainson, 1827 (tiikerihaikarat) | |-- T. mexicanum Swainson, 1834 (isotiikerihaikara) | |--o T. fasciatum (Such, 1825) (kirjotiikerihaikara) | | |-- T. f. fasciatum (Such, 1825) (Fasciated Tiger Heron) | | |-- T. f. salmoni PL Sclater & Salvin, 1875 (Salmon's Tiger Heron) | | `-- T. f. pallescens Olrog, 1950 | `--o T. lineatum (Boddaert, 1783) (ruskotiikerihaikara) | |-- T. l. lineatum (Boddaert, 1783) | `-- T. l. marmoratum (Vieillot, 1817) (Banded Tiger Heron) `--+--o Cochleariinae Chenu & Des Murs 1854 [Cochleariidae Ridgway, 1887] (Boat-billed Herons; ruuhinokat) | `--o Cochlearius cochlearius (Linnaeus,1766) Brisson, 1760 (ruuhinokka) | |-- C. c. cochlearius (Linnaeus, 1766) (Southern Boat-billed Heron) | |-- C. c. panamensis Griscom, 1926 | |-- C. c. phillipsi Dickerman, 1973 | |-- C. c. ridgwayi Dickerman, 1973 | `-- C. c. zeledoni (Ridgway, 1885) (Northern Boat-billed Heron) `--+--o Botaurinae Bock, 1956 [Botaurini (Bock, 1956)] (kaulushaikarat) | |--+-- Ixobrychus involucris (Vieillot, 1823) (viirupikkuhaikara) | | `--o Botaurus Stephens, 1819 (Bittern's; kaulushaikarat) | | |-- †B. hibbardi | | |--o B. pinnatus (Wagler, 1829) (amazoniankaulushaikara) | | | |-- B. p. caribaeus Dickerman, 1961 | | | `-- B. p. pinnatus (Wagler, 1829) | | |-- B. lentiginosus (Rackett, 1813) (amerikankaulushaikara) | | |-- B. poiciloptilus (Wagler, 1827) (australiankaulushaikara) | | `--o B. stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (kaulushaikara) | | |-- B. s. stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Eurasian Bittern) | | `-- B. s. capensis (Schlegel, 1863) (African Bittern) | `--o Ixobrychus Billberg, 1828 [incl. Dupetor Heine & Reichenow, 1890] (pikkuhaikarat) | |?-o I. exilis (Gmelin, 1789) (amerikanpikkuhaikara) | | |-- I. e. bogotensis Chapman, 1914 | | |-- I. e. erythromelas (Vieillot, 1817) | | |-- I. e. exilis (Gmelin, 1789) | | |-- I. e. limoncochae DW Norton, 1965 | | |-- I. e. peruvianus Bond, 1955 | | `-- I. e. pullus Van Rossem, 1930 | |?- I. dubius Mathews, 1912 | |?- †I. novaezelandiae (Purdie, 1871) (non? Potts, 1871) (Black-backed Bittern; uudenseelanninpikkuhaikara; kaoriki) | |?- I. sturmii (Wagler, 1827) (sinipikkuhaikara) | |--+-- I. eurhythmus (Swinhoe, 1873) (kastanjapikkuhaikara) | | `-- I. cinnamomeus (Gmelin, 1789) (kanelipikkuhaikara) | `--+--o I. flavicollis (Latham, 1790) [Dupetor flavicollis (Latham, 1790) Heine & Reichenow, 1890] (mustapikkuhaikara) | | |-- I. f. australis (Lesson, 1831) | | |-- I. f. flavicollis (Latham, 1790) | | `-- I. f. woodfordi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1888) | `--+-- I. sinensis (Gmelin, 1789) (kiinanpikkuhaikara) | `--o I. minutus (Linnaeus, 1766) (pikkuhaikara) | |-- I. m. minutus (Linnaeus, 1766) | |-- I. m. payesii (Hartlaub, 1858) | `-- I. m. podiceps (Bonaparte, 1855) `--o Ardeinae Vigors, 1825 |-- †Proardea amissa |--o †Gnotornis | |-- †G. aramiellus | |-- †G. roardeola | `-- †G. walkeri |-- †Zeltornis ginsburgi |-- †Ardeagradis arborea |--+-- Agamia agami (Gmelin, 1789) Reichenbach, 1853 (keihäshaikara) | `--o Ardeola F Boie, 1822 (rääkkähaikarat) | |-- A. ralloides (Scopoli, 1769) (rääkkähaikara) | |-- A. grayii(Sykes, 1832) (riisihaikara) | |-- A. bacchus (Bonaparte, 1855) (kiinanriisihaikara) | |--o A. speciosa (Horsfield, 1821) (jaavanriisihaikara) | | |-- A. s. continentalis Salomonsen, 1933 | | `-- A. s. speciosa (Horsfield, 1821) | |-- A. idae (Hartlaub, 1860) (valkorääkkähaikara) | `-- A. rufiventris (Sundevall, 1850) (punavatsahaikara) `--+--o Ardeini Vigors, 1825 sensu stricto?? (varsinaiset haikarat) | |--o Ardea Linnaeus, 1758 [incl.? Casmerodius] (harmaahaikarat) | | |-- †A. polkensis | | |-- †A. howardae | | |-- A. cocoi Linnaeus, 1766 (eteläamerikanhaikara) | | |-- A. pacifica Latham, 1802 (valkopäähaikara) | | |-- A. melanocephala Children & Vigors, 1826 (kobolttihaikara) | | |-- A. humbloti Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier, 1885 (madagaskarinhaikara) | | |-- A. imperialis (himalajanhaikara) | | |-- A. sumatrana Raffles, 1822 (paksunokkahaikara) | | |-- A. goliath Cretzschmar, 1829 (goljathaikara) | | |-- A. insignis Hume, 1878 (himalajanhaikara) | | |--o A. purpurea Linnaeus, 1766 (Purple heron; ruskohaikara) | | | |-- A. p. bournei Naurois, 1966 (Cape Verde Heron) | | | |-- A. p. madagascariensis Oort, 1910 | | | |-- A. p. manilensis Meyen, 1834 | | | `-- A. p. purpurea Linnaeus, 1766 (Purple Heron) | | |-- A. picata Gould, 1845 [Egretta picata] (valkokaulahaikara) | | `--+--o A. cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 (Gray heron; harmaahaikara) | | | |-- A. c. cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 (Grey Heron) | | | |-- A. c. firasa Hartert, 1917 | | | |-- A. c. jouyi AH Clark, 1907 | | | `-- A. c. monicae Jouanin & Roux, 1963 (Mauritanian Heron) | | `--o A. herodias Linnaeus, 1758 (Blue heron; amerikanharmaahaikara) | | |-- A. h. cognata Bangs, 1903 | | |-- A. h. fannini Chapman, 1901 | | |-- A. h. herodias Linnaeus, 1758 (Great Blue Heron) | | |-- A. h. occidentalis Audubon, 1835 | | `-- A. h. wardi Ridgway 1882 Bull.NuttallOrn.Club 7 no.1 p.5 | `--+--o Mesophoyx intermedia (Wagler, 1829) Sharpe, 1894 (pikkujalohaikara) | | |-- M. i. brachyrhyncha (Yellow-billed Egret) | | |-- M. i. intermedia (Lesser Egret) | | `-- M. i. plumifera (Plumed Egret) | `--+--o Bubulcus Bonaparte, 1855 | | |-- B. ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) (lehmähaikara) | | `-- B. coromandus (Boddaert, 1783) (Eastern Cattle Egret) | `--o Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758; Egretta alba (Cramp and Simmons, 1977)] (Great egret; jalohaikara) | |-- C. a. albus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Great Egret) | |-- C. a. egretta Gmelin, 1789 (American Egret) | |-- C. a. melanorhynchos Wagler, 1827 | `-- C. a. modesta JE Gray, 1831 `--+--o Nycticoracini Bock, 1956 (yöhaikarat) | |?-o Nyctanassa violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) Stejneger, 1887 (kruunuyöhaikara) | | |-- N. v. bancrofti Huey, 1927 | | |-- N. v. caliginis Wetmore, 1946 | | |-- N. v. cayennensis (Gmelin, 1789) | | |-- N. v. pauper (PL Sclater & Salvin, 1870) | | `-- N. v. violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) | |--o Nycticorax T. Forster, 1817 (yöhaikarat) | | |-- †N. fidens | | |-- †N. megacephalus (rodriguessaarenyöhaikara) | | |-- N. leuconotus (silmälasihaikara) | | |--o N. nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758) (yöhaikara) | | | |-- N. n. falklandicus Hartert, 1914 | | | |-- N. n. hoactli (Gmelin, 1789) | | | |-- N. n. nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758) | | | `-- N. n. obscurus Bonaparte, 1855 | | `--o N. caledonicus (Gmelin, 1789) (australianyöhaikara) | | |-- N. c. caledonicus (Gmelin, 1789) | | |-- †N. c. crassirostris Vigors, 1839 (boninsaartenyöhaikara) | | |-- N. c. hilli Mathews, 1912 | | |-- N. c. mandibularis Ogilvie-Grant, 1888 | | |-- N. c. manillensis Vigors, 1831 | | `-- N. c. pelewensis Mathews, 1926 | `--+--o Gorsachius Bonaparte, 1855 (hämyhaikarat) | | |-- G. leuconotus (Wagler, 1827) (silmälasihaikara) | | |-- G. magnificus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1899) (kiinanhämyhaikara) | | |-- G. goisagi (Temminck, 1836) (japaninhämyhaikara) | | `-- G. melanolophus (Raffles, 1822) (etelänhämyhaikara) | `--o Butorides Blyth, 1852 (kyyryhaikarat) | |-- †B. validipes | |-- B. sundevalli (Reichenow, 1877) (Galapagos Heron) | |--o B. virescens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Green Heron) | | |-- B. v. anthonyi (Mearns, 1895) | | |-- B. v. bahamensis (Brewster, 1888) | | |-- B. v. frazari (Brewster, 1888) | | `-- B. v. virescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | `--o B. striata (Linnaeus, 1758) [Ardea striata] (kyyryhaikara) | |-- B. s. actophila Oberholser, 1912 | |-- B. s. albolimbata Reichenow, 1900 | |-- B. s. amurensis (Schrenck, 1860) | |-- B. s. atricapilla (Afzelius, 1804) | |-- B. s. brevipes (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) | |-- B. s. crawfordi Nicoll, 1906 | |-- B. s. degens Hartert, 1920 | |-- B. s. flyensis Salomonsen, 1966 | |-- B. s. idenburgi Rand, 1941 | |-- B. s. javanica (Horsfield, 1821 | |-- B. s. macrorhyncha (Gould, 1848) | |-- B. s. moluccarum Hartert, 1920 | |-- B. s. papuensis Mayr, 1940 | |-- B. s. patruelis (Peale, 1848) | |-- B. s. rhizophorae Salomonsen, 1934 | |-- B. s. rutenbergi (Hartlaub, 1880) | |-- B. s. solomonensis Mayr, 1940 | |-- B. s. spodiogaster Sharpe, 1894 | |-- B. s. stagnatilis (Gould, 1848) | |-- B. s. steini Mayr, 1943 | `-- B. s. striata (Linnaeus, 1758) `--+--o Egretta T. Forster, 1817 [incl. Melanophoryx] (jalohaikarat) | |-- †E. subfluvia | |--o E. intermedia (Wagler, 1829) | | |-- E. i. brachyrhyncha (AE Brehm, 1854) | | |-- E. i. intermedia (Wagler, 1829) | | `-- E. i. plumifera (Gould, 1848) | |-- E. picata (Gould, 1845) | |--o E. rufescens (Gmelin, 1789) (klovnihaikara) | | |-- E. r. dickeyi (Van Rossem, 1926) | | `-- E. r. rufescens (Gmelin, 1789) | |-- E. vinaceigula (Sharpe, 1895) (ruskokurkkuhaikara) | |-- E. ardesiaca (Wagler, 1827) [Melanophoryx ardesiaca] (liuskehaikara, sysihaikara) | |--o E. tricolor (Statius Muller, 1776) (karibianhaikara) | | |-- E. t. ruficollis Gosse 1847 | | `-- E. t. tricolor (Statius Muller, 1776) | |-- E. novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) (valkonaamahaikara) | |-- E. caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) (sinihaikara) | |--o E. thula (Molina, 1782) (lumihaikara) | | |-- E. t. brewsteri Thayer & Bangs, 1909 | | `-- E. t. thula (Molina, 1782) | |--o E. gularis (Bosc, 1792) (Western Reef Egret) | | |-- E. g. gularis (Bosc, 1792) (West African Reef Egret) | | `-- E. g. schistacea (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828) (Arabian Reef Egret) | |-- E. dimorpha Hartert, 1914 (Dimorphic Egret) | |--o E. garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766) (silkkihaikara) | | |-- E. g. garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766) | | `-- E. g. nigripes (Temminck, 1840) | |-- E. eulophotes (Swinhoe, 1860) (kiinanjalohaikara) | `--o E. sacra (Gmelin, 1789) (korallihaikara) | |-- E. s. albolineata (GR Gray, 1859) | `-- E. s. sacra (Gmelin, 1789) `--+-- Pilherodius pileatus (Boddaert, 1783) Reichenbach, 1852 (kalottihaikara) `--o Syrigma sibilatrix (Temmincik, 1824) Ridgway, 1878 (viheltäjähaikara) |-- S. s. fostersmithi Friedmann, 1949 `-- S. s. sibilatrix (Temminck, 1824)
After Livezey & Zusi, 2007<==o Ardeiformes |--o Cochleariidae | `-- Cochlearius cochlearius `--o Ardeidae |?- †Calcardea junnei |--o Botaurinae | |--o Botaurini | | |-- Dupetor flavicollis | | |-- Ixobrychus | | `-- Botaurus | `--o Tigriornithini | |-- Zonerodius heliosylus | |-- Tigriornis leucolopha | |-- Zebrilus undulatus | `-- Tigrisoma `--o Ardeinae |--o Nycticoracini | |-- Nyctanassa violacea | |-- Nycticorax | `-- Gorsachius `--o Ardeini |-- †Proardea amissa |-- †Gnotornis |-- †Zeltornis ginsburgi |-- †Ardeagradis arborea |-- Syrigma sibilatrix |-- Pilherodius pileatus |-- Ardea |-- Mesophoyx intermedia |-- Egretta |-- Bubulcus ibis |-- Ardeola |-- Melanophoryx ardesiaca |-- Butorides `-- Agamia agami |
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, Hew Haven, 1996 - Huang, Z. H., Li, M. F. & Qin, J. W., 2016: DNA barcoding and phylogenetic relationships of Ardeidae (Aves: Ciconiiformes).
–Genet Mol Res: Vol. 15, #3, art.nr. 15038270 [doi: 10.4238/gmr.15038270] - Livezey, B. C. & Zusi, R. L., 2007: Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comperative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 149, #1, pp. 1-95 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, J., BL., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990.
XXIV-1111.