 |
|
|
Alternative phylogeny of basal Tetrapoda after Carroll (1988), Milner (1994) and Clack (1998)
Alternative phylogeny of basal Tetrapoda after Clack, 2002
<==o STEGOCEPHALI Laurin, 1998a [Tetrapoda Haworth, 1825 sensu Goodrich 1930 and Laurin & Reisz, 1997; Tetrapodamorpha Ahlberg, 1991] (maaselkärankaiset; tetrapods = vertebrates with four recognizible limbs)
|--o †Elginerpentonidae
| |-- †Elginerpeton pancheni
| `-- †Obruchevichthys gracilis Vorobyeva, 1977
`--+?- †Densignathus rowei Daeschler, 2000
|--+?- †Metaxygnathus
| `-- †Ventastega curonica [Panderichthys bystrovi Gross, 1941, in partim]
`--+-- †Acanthostega gunnari Save-Söderbergh [Acanthostegidae]
`--+-- †Ichthyostega stensioi Jarvik, 1952 [I. watsoni; I. eigili; I. kochi; Ichthyostegopsis wimani] [Ichthyostegidae]
`--+-- †Hynerpeton bassetti Daeschler, Shubin, Thomson & Amaral, 1994
`--+--o †Whatcheeriidae
| |-- †Whatcheeria deltae
| `-- †Pederpes finneyae Clack, 2002
|-- †Crassigyrinus scoticus [Crassigyrinidae]
`--+-- †BAPHETOIDEA [Loxommotoidea]
`--o TETRAPODA sensu lato [last common ancester of temnospondyls and Recent tetrapods]
|-- TEMNOSPONDYLI sensu Laurin & Reisz, 1997
`-- REPTILIOMORPHA (vesikalvollismaiset tetrapodit; amniote-like tetrapods)
Stegocephali incertae sedis:
†Antlerpeton clarkii Thomson, Shubin & Poole, 1998
Note: Phylogeny of basal tetrapods [amphibias] are particulary murky. Carroll (1988) presents view that modern amphibians [Lissamphibia] is a polyphyletic group, gymnophionas and salamanders being advanced microsaurs and frogs being advanced temnospondyls.
Milner (1994) however presents a view of monophyletic Lissamphibia, which sistergroup are plagiosaur-dissorophoids. Laurin & Reisz (1997) support view, in which lissamphibians belong to reptiliomorphs. Yates & Warren (2000) present a new phylogenetic analysis of Temnospondyli, but it didn't include lissamphibians.
Ahlberg, P. E., Clack, J. A. & Lukésevics, E. 1996:
Rapib braincase evolution between Panderichthyes
and the earliest tetrapods.
–Nature: vol. 381, 2 May, pp. 61-64.
Ahlberg, P. E. & Milner, A. R. 1994:
The origin and early diversification of tetrapods.
–Nature: vol. 368, 7 April, pp. 507-514.
Anderson, J. S. 1998: Phylogenetic analysis of the Lepospondyli (Tetrapoda).
--Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 18, #3, Suppl. to #3, pp. 24A
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
Carroll, R. L. 1996: Revealing the patterns of macroevolution.
–Nature: vol. 381, 2 May, pp. 19-20.
Clack, J. A., 1998:
A new Early Carboniferous tetrapod with a mélange of
crown-group characters.
–Nature: vol. 394, 2 July, pp. 66 - 69
Clack, J. A., 2002: An early tetrapod from "Romer's Gap".
–Nature: Vol. 418, pp. 72-76
Daeschler, E. B., 2000: Early tetrapod jaws from the Late Devonian
of Pennsylvania, USA.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #2, pp. 301-308
Laurin, M., 1996-2001: Terrestrial vertebrates - Stegocephalians: Tetrapods and other digit-bearing vertebrates.
–iNet: The Tree of Life: http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Terrestrial_Vertebrates&contgroup=Sarcopterygii
Laurin, M. & Reisz, R. R., 1997: A new perspective on tetrapod phylogeny. 9-59
in Sumida, S. S. & Martin, K. L. M., 1997:
Amniote origins: Completing the trasition to Land.
--Academic Press, San Diego, 1997, pp. x-510
Milner, A. R., 1994: Late Triassic and Jurassic amphibians:
Fossil record and phylogeny. 5-23
In Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H-D. 1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs.
--Cambridge University Press, New York. 1994
Shubin, N., 1998 [preview]: Evolutionary cut and paste.
–Nature: vol. 394, 2 July, pp. 12-13
Thomson, K. S., Shubin, N. H. & Poole, F. G., 1998:
A problematic early tetrapod from the Missisippian of Nevada.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #2, pp. 315-320
nbsp;
© Mikko Haaramo, / Last updated 2002-10-17 / http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/mhaaramo