After Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]

<==o Monacanthidae [incl. Aluteridae] (viilakalat; filefishes) [N: 31/90] [FB: 25/103]
   |--o Acanthaluteres [3]
   |  |-- A. brownii (Richardson, 1846) (Spiny-tailed leatherjacket)
   |  |-- A. spilomelanurus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Bridled leatherjacket)
   |  `-- A. vittiger (Castelnau, 1873) (Toothbrush leatherjacket)
   |--o Acreichthys [3]
   |  |-- A. hajam (Bleeker, 1852)
   |  |-- A. radiatus (Popta, 1900) (Radial leatherjacket)
   |  `-- A. tomentosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bristle-tail file-fish)
   |--o Aluterus [Alutera]
   |  |-- A. heudelotii Hollard, 1855 (Dotterel filefish)
   |  |-- A. maculosus Richardson, 1840
   |  |-- A. monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) (Unicorn leatherjacket)
   |  |-- A. schoepfii (Walbaum, 1792) (Orange filefish)
   |  |-- A. scriptus (Osbeck, 1765) (Scrawled filefish)
   |  `-- A. velutinus Jenyns, 1842
   |-- Amanses scopas (Cuvier, 1829) (Broom filefish)
   |-- Anacanthus barbatus Gray, 1830 (Bearded leatherjacket)
   |--o Brachaluteres [4]
   |  |-- B. baueri (Richardson, 1846)
   |  |-- B. jacksonianus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Pigmy leatherjacket)
   |  |-- B. taylori Schultz, 1966 (Taylor's inflator filefish)
   |  `-- B. ulvarum Jordan & Fowler, 1902 (Japanese inflator filefish)
   |--o Cantherhines [11]
   |  |-- C. dumerili (Hollard, 1854) (Whitespotted filefish)
   |  |-- C. fronticinctus (Günther, 1867) (Spectacled filefish)
   |  |-- C. longicaudus Hutchins & Randall, 1982
   |  |-- C. macrocerus (Hollard, 1853) (American whitespotted filefish)
   |  |-- C. multilineatus (Tanaka, 1918)
   |  |-- C. pardalis (Rüppell, 1837) (Honeycomb filefish)
   |  |-- C. pullus (Ranzani, 1842) (Orangespotted filefish)
   |  |-- C. rapanui (de Buen, 1963)
   |  |-- C. sandwichiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Sandwich isle file)
   |  |-- C. tiki Randall, 1964
   |  `-- C. verecundus Jordan, 1925
   |--o Cantheschenia [2]
   |  |-- C. grandisquamis Hutchins, 1977 (Large-scaled leatherjacket)
   |  `-- C. longipinnis (Fraser-Brunner, 1941)
   |-- Chaetodermis penicilligera (Cuvier, 1816) [Chaetoderma] (Prickly leatherjacket)
   |-- Colurodontis paxmani Hutchins, 1977
   |--o Eubalichthys [5]
   |  |-- E. bucephalus (Whitley, 1931) (Black reef leatherjacket)
   |  |-- E. caeruleoguttatus Hutchins, 1977 (Blue-spotted leatherjacket)
   |  |-- E. gunnii (Günther, 1870) (Gunn's leatherjacket)
   |  |-- E. mosaicus (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) (Mosaic leatherjacket)
   |  `-- E. quadrispinus Hutchins, 1977 (Four-spined leatherjacket)
   |-- Lalmohania velutina Hutchins, 1994
   |--o Meuschenia [8]
   |  |-- M. australis (Donovan, 1824) (Southern leatherjacket)
   |  |-- M. flavolineata Hutchins, 1977 (Yellow-striped leatherjacket)
   |  |-- M. freycineti (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Six-spined leatherjacket)
   |  |-- M. galii (Waite, 1905) (Blue-lined leatherjacket)
   |  |-- M. hippocrepis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Horse-shoe leatherjacket)
   |  |-- M. scaber (Forster, 1801) (Velvet leatherjacket)
   |  |-- M. trachylepis (Günther, 1870)
   |  `-- M. venusta Hutchins, 1977 (Stars and stripes leatherjacket)
   |--o Monacanthus [4]
   |  |-- M. chinensis (Osbeck, 1765) (Fan-bellied leatherjacket)
   |  |-- M. ciliatus (Mitchill, 1818) (Fringed filefish)
   |  |?- M. hispidus
   |  |-- M. setifer Bennett, 1831 (Pygmy filefish)
   |  `-- M. tuckeri Bean, 1906 (Slender filefish)
   |?- Navodon
   |-- Nelusetta ayraudi (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Chinaman-leatherjacket)
   |--o Oxymonacanthus [2]
   |  |-- O. halli Marshall, 1952 (Red Sea longnose filefish)
   |  `-- O. longirostris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Harlequin filefish)
   |--o Paraluteres [2]
   |  |-- P. arqat Clark & Gohar, 1953
   |  `-- P. prionurus (Bleeker, 1851) (Blacksaddle filefish)
   |--o Paramonacanthus [Monacanthus; Pseudomonacanthus, Laputa; Rudarius]  [nonLaputa Dyke, 2001, a fossil apodiform bird (Aves: Neornithes: Apodiformes)] [13]
   |  |-- P. arabicus Hutchins, 1997 (Gulf filefish)
   |  |-- P. choirocephalus (Bleeker, 1852)
   |  |-- P. filicauda (Günther, 1880) (Threadfin leatherjacket)
   |  |-- P. frenatus (Peters, 1855) (Wedgetail filefish)
   |  |-- P. japonicus (Tilesius, 1809) (Hairfinned leatherjacket)
   |  |-- P. lowei Hutchins, 1997
   |  |-- P. matsuurai Hutchins, 1997
   |  |-- P. nematophorus (Günther, 1870)
   |  |-- P. nipponensis (Kamohara, 1939) (Japanese leatherjacket)
   |  |-- P. otisensis Whitley, 1931 (Dusky leatherjacket)
   |  |-- P. pusillus (Rüppell, 1829) [Monacanthus pusillus Rüppell, 1829; Paramonacanthus pusillus (Rüppell, 1829); Pseudomonacanthus pusillus (Rüppell, 1829); Monacanthus nipponensis Kamohara, 1939; Laputa cingalensis Fraser-Brunner, 1941; Paramonacanthus cingalensis (Fraser-Brunner, 1941); Laputa umgazi Smith, 1949; Rudarius virgulatus Nalbant & Mayer, 1975; Paramonacanthus falcatus Kotthaus, 1979]
   |  |-- P. sulcatus (Hollard, 1854)
   |  `-- P. tricuspis (Hollard, 1854)
   |--o Pervagor [8]
   |  |-- P. alternans (Ogilby, 1899) (Yelloweye filefish)
   |  |-- P. aspricaudus (Hollard, 1854) (Orangetail filefish)
   |  |-- P. janthinosoma (Bleeker, 1854) (Blackbar filefish)
   |  |-- P. marginalis Hutchins, 1986
   |  |-- P. melanocephalus (Bleeker, 1853) (Redtail filefish)
   |  |-- P. nigrolineatus (Herre, 1927) (Blacklined filefish)
   |  |-- P. randalli Hutchins, 1986
   |  `-- P. spilosoma (Lay & Bennett, 1839) (Fantail filefish)
   |-- Pseudalutarius nasicornis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) (Rhino leatherjacket)
   |--o Pseudomonacanthus [3]
   |  |-- P. elongatus Fraser-Brunner, 1940 (Four-banded leatherjacket)
   |  |-- P. macrurus (Bleeker, 1856-57) (Strap-weed file-fish)
   |  `-- P. peroni (Hollard, 1854) (Pot-bellied leatherjacket)
   |--o Rudarius [3]
   |  |-- R. ercodes Jordan & Fowler, 1902 (Whitespotted pygmy filefish)
   |  |-- R. excelsus Hutchins, 1977 (Diamond leatherjacket)
   |  `-- R. minutus Tyler, 1970 (Minute leatherjacket)
   |-- Scobinichthys granulatus (White, 1790) (Rough leatherjacket)
   |--o Stephanolepis [5]
   |  |-- S. auratus (Castelnau, 1861) Porky
   |  |-- S. cirrhifer (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) (Thread-sail filefish)
   |  |-- S. diaspros Fraser-Brunner, 1940 (Reticulated leatherjacket)
   |  |-- S. hispidus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Planehead filefish)
   |  `-- S. oblongus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)
   `--o Thamnaconus [13]
      |-- T. analis (Waite, 1904)
      |-- T. arenaceus (Barnard, 1927) (Sandy filefish)
      |-- T. degeni (Regan, 1903) (Degen's leatherjacket)
      |-- T. fajardoi Smith, 1953 (Spotted filefish)
      |-- T. fijiensis Hutchins & Matsuura, 1984
      |-- T. hypargyreus (Cope, 1871) (Lesser-spotted leatherjacket)
      |-- T. melanoproctes (Boulenger, 1889) (Blackvent filefish)
      |-- T. modestoides (Barnard, 1927) (Modest filefish)
      |-- T. modestus (Günther, 1877)
      |-- T. paschalis (Regan, 1913)
      |-- T. septentrionalis (Günther, 1874)
      |-- T. striatus (Kotthaus, 1979) (Many-lined leatherjacket)
      `-- T. tessellatus (Günther, 1880)

Reference(s):