After Carroll, 1988, and Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Gempylidae (käärmemakrillit; Snake mackerels) [16/23] |?- †Bathysoma U. Cret. Eu. |-- †Eothyrsites Olig. NZ. |-- †Euzaphleges [Zaphleges] Mioc. NA. |?- †Hemithyrsites maicopicus Mioc. CAs. |-- †Progempylus L. Eoc. Eu. |-- †Thyrsitocephalus Olig. Eu. |-- †Thyrsocles Mioc. NA. |-- †Zaphlegus Mioc. NA. |-- Acanthonotos [Hemithyrsites] Mioc. Plioc. Eu. Plioc. NAf. R. Oc. |-- Diplospinus multistriatus Maul, 1948 (Striped escolar) |--o Epinnula [1 Recent species] | |-- †E. cancellata | `-- E. magistralis Poey, 1854 (Domine) |--o Gempylus [Acinacea, Lemnisoma] Olig. Eu. SWAs. R. Oc. [1 Recent species] | `-- G. serpens Cuvier, 1829 (Snake mackerel) |-- Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843) [Xenogramma] (Escolar) |-- Nealotus tripes Johnson, 1865 (Black snake mackerel) |--o Neoepinnula [2] | |-- N. americana (Grey, 1953) (American sackfish) | `-- N. orientalis (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924) [Epinnula orientalis] (Sackfish) |-- Nesiarchus nasutus Johnson, 1862 [Nesoarchus, Escolar] (Black gemfish) |--o Paradiplospinus [2] | |-- P. antarcticus Andriashev, 1960 (Antarctic escolar) | `-- P. gracilis (Brauer, 1906) (Slender escolar) |-- Promethichthys prometheus (Cuvier, 1832) (Roudi escolar) |--o Rexea [7] | |-- R. alisae Roberts & Stewart, 1997 | |-- R. antefurcata Parin, 1989 (Long-finned escolar) | |-- R. bengalensis (Alcock, 1894) (Bengal escolar) | |-- R. brevilineata Parin, 1989 (Short-lined escolar) | |-- R. nakamurai Parin, 1989 (Nakamura's escolar) | |-- R. prometheoides (Bleeker, 1856) (Royal escolar) | `-- R. solandri (Cuvier, 1832) (Silver gemfish) |-- Rexichthys johnpaxtoni Parin & Astakhov, 1987 (Paxton's escolar) |-- Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1833 (Oilfish) |--o Thyrsites Mioc. NA. R. Oc. [1 Recent species] | `-- T. atun (Euphrasen, 1791) (Snoek) |-- Thyrsitoides marleyi Fowler, 1929 [Mimasea] (Black snoek) |-- Thyrsitops lepidopoides (Cuvier, 1832) (White snake mackerel) `-- Tongaichthys robustus Nakamura & Fujii, 1983 (Tonga escolar)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600