After Carroll, 1988 and Nelson, 1994, with recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Sparinae |--o Acanthopagrus ()? [8] | |-- A. australis (Günther, 1859) (Surf bream) | |-- A. berda (Forsskål, 1775) (Picnic seabream) | |-- A. bifasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) (Twobar seabream) | |-- A. butcheri (Munro, 1949) (Southern black bream) | |-- A. latus (Houttuyn, 1782) (Yellowfin seabream) | |-- A. palmaris (Whitley, 1935) (North west black bream) | |-- A. schlegeli (Bleeker, 1854) (Black porgy) | `-- A. sivicolus Akazaki, 1962 (Okinawa seabream) |--o Calamus ()? [13] | |-- C. arctifrons Goode & Bean, 1882 (Grass porgy) | |-- C. bajonado (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Jolthead porgy) | |-- C. brachysomus (Lockington, 1880) (Pacific porgy) | |-- C. calamus (Valenciennes, 1830) (Saucereye porgy) | |-- C. campechanus Randall & Caldwell, 1966 (Campeche porgy) | |-- C. cervigoni Randall & Caldwell, 1966 (Spotfin porgy) | |-- C. leucosteus Jordan & Gilbert, 1885 (Whitebone porgy) | |-- C. mu Randall & Caldwell, 1966 (Flathead porgy) | |-- C. nodosus Randall & Caldwell, 1966 (Knobbed porgy) | |-- C. penna (Valenciennes, 1830) (Sheepshead porgy) | |-- C. pennatula Guichenot, 1868 (Pluma porgy) | |-- C. proridens Jordan & Gilbert, 1884 (Littlehead porgy) | `-- C. taurinus (Jenyns, 1840) (Galapagos porgy) |--o Chrysoblephus ()? [6] | |-- C. anglicus (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) (Englishman seabream) | |-- C. cristiceps (Valenciennes, 1830) (Daggerhead seabream) | |-- C. gibbiceps (Valenciennes, 1830) (Red stumpnose seabream) | |-- C. laticeps (Valenciennes, 1830) (Roman seabream) | |-- C. lophus (Fowler, 1925) (False red stumpnose) | `-- C. puniceus (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) (Slinger seabream) |-- Cymatoceps nasutus (Castelnau, 1861) (Poenskop seabream) |-- Porcostoma dentata (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) (Dane seabream) |-- Pterogymnus laniarius (Valenciennes, 1830) (Panga seabream) |--o Rhabdosargus ()? [5] | |-- R. globiceps (Valenciennes, 1830) (White stumpnose) | |-- R. haffara (Forsskål, 1775) (Haffara seabream) | |-- R. holubi (Steindachner, 1881) (Cape stumpnose) | |-- R. sarba (Forsskål, 1775) (Goldlined seabream) | `-- R. thorpei Smith, 1979 (Bigeye stumpnose) |-- Sparodon durbanensis (Castelnau, 1861) (Musselcracker seabream) |--o Sparus [Aurata, Chrysophrys] Eoc. WInd. Olig. Plioc. Eu. Plioc. NAf. R. Oc. ()? [2] | |-- S. auratus Linnaeus, 1758 (kultaotsa-ahven; Gilthead seabream) | `-- S. swinhonis czerskii Berg, 1914 `--o Stenotomus ()? [2] |-- S. caprinus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Longspine porgy) `-- S. chrysops (Linnaeus, 1766) (Scup)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968. - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600 - Orrell, T. M., Carpenter, K. E., Musick, J. A. & Graves, J. E., 2002: Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the Sparidae (Perciformes; Percoidei) from cytochrome b sequences.
–Copeia: Vol. 102, #3, pp. 618-631 - Purdy, R. W., Schneider, V. P., Applegate, S. P., McLellan, J. H., Meyer, R. L.
& Slaughter, B. H., 2001: The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina. 71-202
in Ray, C. E. & Bohaska, D. J., (eds.) 2001: Geology and paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III.
–Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., 2001, iv-365