After Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The FishBase”]
<==o Sciaenidae Gill, 1861 (rumpukalat; drums, croakers) [N: 70/270] [FB: 65/263] |?-o Diaphyodus Schafhautl, 1863 | `-- †D. wilsoni |-- †Eocilophyodus U. Cret. Eoc. WAf. |-- †Eokokemia Eoc. NA. |-- †Loscion Mioc. NA. |-- †Jefitchia Eoc. NA. |-- †Lompoquia retropes Mioc. NA. |-- †Pseudoumbrina Plioc. Eu. |--o Aplodinotus Plioc. R. NA. [1 Recent species] | |-- †A. longecaudatus Nolf & Aguilera, 1998 | |-- †A. hoffmani Nolf & Aguilera, 1998 | `-- A. grunniens Rafinesque, 1819 (Freshwater drum) |--o Argyrosomus [9] | |-- A. amoyensis (Bleeker, 1863) (Amoy croaker) | |-- A. beccus Sasaki, 1994 | |-- A. coronus Griffiths & Heemstra, 1995 | |-- A. heinii (Steindachner, 1902) (Arabian sea meagre) | |-- A. hololepidotus (Lacépède, 1801) (Southern meagre) | |-- A. inodorus Griffiths & Heemstra, 1995 | |-- A. japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Japanese meagre) | |-- A. regius (Asso, 1801) (Meagre) | `-- A. thorpei Smith, 1977 (Squaretail kob) |-- Aspericorvina jubata (Bleeker, 1855) (Prickly croaker) |--o Atractoscion | |-- A. aequidens (Cuvier, 1830) (Geelbeck croaker) | `-- A. nobilis (Ayres, 1860) (White weakfish) |--o Atrobucca [10] | |-- A. adusta Sasaki & Kailola, 1988 (Scorched croaker) | |-- A. alcocki Talwar, 1980 | |-- A. antonbruun Sasaki, 1995 | |-- A. bengalensis Sasaki, 1995 | |-- A. brevis Sasaki & Kailola, 1988 | |-- A. geniae Ben-Tuvia & Trewavas, 1987 | |-- A. kyushini Sasaki & Kailola, 1988 (Black-spot croaker) | |-- A. marleyi (Norman, 1922) (African blackmouth croaker) | |-- A. nibe (Jordan & Thompson, 1911) (Longfin kob) | `-- A. trewavasae Talwar & Sathirajan, 1975 |-- Austronibea oedogenys Trewavas, 1977 (Yellowtail croaker) |--o Bahaba [3] | |-- B. chaptis (Hamilton, 1822) (Chaptis bahaba) | |-- B. polykladiskos (Bleeker, 1852) (Spine bahaba) | `-- B. taipingensis (Herre, 1932) (Chinese bahaba) |--o Bairdiella [7] | |-- B. armata Gill, 1863 (Armed croaker) | |-- B. batabana (Poey, 1860) (Blue croaker) | |-- B. chrysoura (Lacépède, 1802) (Silver croaker) | |-- B. ensifera (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Swordspine croaker) | |-- B. icistia (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Ronco croaker) | |-- B. ronchus (Cuvier, 1830) (Ground croaker) | `-- B. sanctaeluciae (Jordan, 1890) (Striped croaker) |--o Boesemania | |-- †B. angulata (Stinton, 1962) | |-- †B. obesa (Stinton, 1962) | `-- B. microlepis (Bleeker, 1858) (Boeseman croaker) |--o Chilotrema [2] | |-- C. fasciatum Tschudi, 1846 | `-- C. saturnum (Girard, 1858) (Black croaker) |-- Chrysochir aureus (Richardson, 1846) (Reeve's croaker) |-- Cilus gilberti (Abbott, 1899) (Corvina) |--o Collichthys [2] | |-- C. lucidus (Richardson, 1844) | `-- C. niveatus Jordan & Starks, 1906 |-- Corvula macrops (Steindachner, 1876) (Vacuocua croaker) |--o Ctenosciaena [2] | |-- C. gracilicirrhus (Metzelaar, 1919) (Barbel drum) | `-- C. peruviana Chirichigno-F., 1969 (Peruvian barbel drum) |-- Cynoscion [Aristocion] Mioc. NA. R. Oc. [24] |-- Daysciaena albida (Cuvier, 1830) (Bengal corvina) |-- Dendrophysa russelii (Cuvier, 1829) (Goatee croaker) |-- Elattarchus archidium (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Bluestreak drum) |--o Equetus [5] | |-- E. acuminatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (High-hat) | |-- E. iwamotoi (Miller & Woods, 1988) (Blackbar drum) | |-- E. lanceolatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Jack-knifefish) | |-- E. punctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Spotted drum) | `-- E. umbrosus (Jordan & Eigenmann, 1889) (Cubbyu) |-- Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855) (White croaker) |--o Isopisthus [2] | |-- I. parvipinnis (Cuvier, 1830) (Bigtooth corvina) | `-- I. remifer Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Silver weakfish) |-- Johnius [32] |-- Kathala axillaris (Cuvier, 1830) (Kathala croaker) |--o Larimichthys [2] | |-- L. pamoides (Munro, 1964) (Southern yellow croaker) | `-- L. polyactis (Bleeker, 1877) (Yellow croaker) |--o Larimus [6] | |-- L. acclivis Jordan & Bristol, 1898 (Steeplined drum) | |-- L. argenteus (Gill, 1863) (Silver drum) | |-- L. breviceps Cuvier, 1830 (Shorthead drum) | |-- L. effulgens Gilbert, 1898 (Shining drum) | |-- L. fasciatus Holbrook, 1855 (Banded drum) | `-- L. pacificus Jordan & Bollman, 1890 (Pacific drum) |?- Larium Mioc. Eu. R. Oc. |-- Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède, 1802 (Spot croaker) |-- Lonchurus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1788) (Longtail croaker) |--o Macrodon [2] | |-- M. ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (King weakfish) | `-- M. mordax (Gilbert & Starks, 1904) (Dogteeth weakfish) |-- Macrospinosa cuja (Hamilton, 1822) |-- Megalonibea fusca Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963 |--o Menticirrhus [9] | |-- M. americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Southern kingcroaker) | |-- M. elongatus (Günther, 1864) (Pacific kingcroaker) | |-- M. littoralis (Holbrook, 1855) (Gulf kingcroaker) | |-- M. nasus (Günther, 1868) (Highfin king croaker) | |-- M. ophicephalus (Jenyns, 1840) (Snakehead kingcroaker) | |-- M. paitensis Hildebrand, 1946 (Paita kingcroaker) | |-- M. panamensis (Steindachner, 1877) (Panama kingcroaker) | |-- M. saxatilis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Northern kingcroaker) | `-- M. undulatus (Girard, 1854) (California kingcroaker) |?- Micropogon |--o Micropogonias [6] | |-- M. altipinnis (Günther, 1864) (Tallfin croaker) | |-- M. ectenes (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Slender croaker) | |-- M. furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Whitemouth croaker) | |-- M. manni (Moreno, 1970) | |-- M. megalops (Gilbert, 1890) (Bigeye croaker) | `-- M. undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Atlantic croaker) |-- Miichthys miiuy (Basilewsky, 1855) (Mi-iuy croaker) |-- Miracorvina angolensis (Norman, 1935) Angola croaker) |--o Nebris [2] | |-- N. microps Cuvier, 1830 (Smalleye croaker) | `-- N. occidentalis Vaillant, 1897 (Pacific smalleye croaker) |--o Nibea [9] | |-- N. albiflora (Richardson, 1846) (White flower croaker) | |-- N. chui Trewavas, 1971 (Chu's croaker) | |-- N. leptolepis (Ogilby, 1918) (Small scale croaker) | |-- N. maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Blotched croaker) | |-- N. microgenys Sasaki, 1992 (Small-jaw croaker) | |-- N. mitsukurii (Jordan & Snyder, 1900) (Nibe croaker) | |-- N. semifasciata Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963 (Sharpnose croaker) | |-- N. soldado (Lacépède, 1802) (Soldier croaker) | `-- N. squamosa Sasaki, 1992 (Scale croaker) |--o Odontoscion [3] | |-- O. dentex (Cuvier, 1830) (Reef croaker) | |-- O. eurymesops (Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Galapagos croaker) | `-- O. xanthops Gilbert, 1898 (Yelloweye croaker) |--o Ophioscion [10] | |-- O. adustus (Agassiz, 1831) (Croaker) | |-- O. costaricensis Caldwell, 1958 | |-- O. imiceps (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Blinkard croaker) | |-- O. panamensis Schultz, 1945 (Panama croaker) | |-- O. punctatissimus Meek & Hildebrand, 1925 (Spotted croaker) | |-- O. scierus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1884-1885) (Point-Tuza croaker) | |-- O. simulus Gilbert, 1898 (Snub-nosed croaker) | |-- O. strabo Gilbert, 1897 (Squint-eyed croaker) | |-- O. typicus Gill, 1863 (Point-nosed croaker) | `-- O. vermicularis (Günther, 1867) (Vermiculated croaker) |--o Otolithes Eoc. Eu. R. Oc. [2] | |-- O. cuvieri Trewavas, 1974 (Lesser tigertooth croaker) | `-- O. ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Tiger-toothed croaker) |--o Otolithoides [2] | |-- O. biauritus (Cantor, 1849) (Bronze croaker) | `-- O. pama (Hamilton, 1822) (Pama croaker) |--o Pachypops [2] | |-- †P. fitchi Schwarzhans, 1993 | |-- P. fourcroi (Lacépède, 1802) (Guyanan croaker) | `-- P. trifilis (Müller & Troschel, 1848) |--o Pachyurus [6] | |-- P. adspersus Steindachner, 1879 (Brazilian croaker) | |-- P. bonariensis Steindachner, 1879 (La Plata croaker) | |-- P. francisci (Cuvier, 1830) (San Francisco croaker) | |-- P. paucirastrus Aguilera, 1983 | |-- P. schomburgkii Günther, 1860 (Amazon croaker) | `-- P. squamipennis Agassiz, 1831 |--o Panna [3] | |-- P. heterolepis Trewavas, 1977 (Hooghly croaker) | |-- P. microdon (Bleeker, 1849) (Panna croaker) | `-- P. perarmatus (Chabanaud, 1926) (Armour croaker) |--o Paralonchurus [7] | |-- P. brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875) (Banded croaker) | |-- P. dumerilii (Bocourt, 1869) (Suco croaker) | |-- P. elegans Boeseman, 1948 (Blackfin croaker) | |-- P. goodei Gilbert, 1898 (Goode croaker) | |-- P. peruanus (Steindachner, 1875) (Peruvian banded croaker) | |-- P. petersi Bocourt, 1869 (Peters' banded croaker) | `-- P. rathbuni (Jordan & Bollman, 1890) (Bearded banded croaker) |-- Paranibea semiluctuosa (Cuvier, 1830) (Half-mourning croaker) |--o Pareques [4] | |-- P. fuscovittatus (Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912) (Fusco drum) | |-- P. lanfeari (Barton, 1947) (Royal highhat) | |-- P. perissa (Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Odd highhat) | `-- P. viola (Gilbert, 1898) (Gungo highhat) |--o Pennahia [5] | |-- P. anea (Bloch, 1793) (Greyfin croaker) | |-- P. argentata (Houttuyn, 1782) (White croacker) | |-- P. macrocephalus (Tang, 1937) (Big-head pennah croaker) | |-- P. ovata Sasaki, 1996 | `-- P. pawak (Lin, 1940) (Pawak croaker) |-- Pentheroscion mbizi (Poll, 1950) (Blackmouth croaker) |--o Plagioscion Gill, 1861; U. Mioc. R. [FB: 5] [Aquilera & Rodrigues de Aguilera: 7] | |-- †P. marinus Aguilera & Rodrigues de Aguilera, 2003 | |-- †P. urumacoensis Aguilera & Rodrigues de Aguilera, 2003 | |-- P. auratus (Castelnau, 1855) (Black curbinata) | |-- P. casattii Aguilera & Rodrigues de Aguilera, 2000 | |-- P. magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878) | |-- P. montei Soares & Casatti, 2000 | |-- P. squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) (South American silver croaker) | |-- P. surinamensis (Bleeker, 1873) (Pacora) | `-- P. ternetzi Boulenger, 1895 |--o Pogonias Mioc. Pleist. NA. R. Oc. [1 Recent species] | `-- P. chromis (Linnaeus, 1766) (keltarumpukala; Black drum) |-- Protonibea diacanthus (Lacépède, 1802) (Blackspotted croaker) |-- Protosciaena trewavasae (Chao & Miller, 1975) (New Grenada drum) |-- Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson, 1846) (Croceine croaker) |--o Pseudotolithus [6] | |-- P. elongatus (Bowdich, 1825) (Bobo croaker) | |-- P. epipercus (Bleeker, 1863) (Guinea croaker) | |-- P. moorii (Günther, 1865) (Cameroon croaker) | |-- P. senegalensis (Valenciennes, 1833) (Cassava croaker) | |-- P. senegallus (Cuvier, 1830) (Law croaker) | `-- P. typus Bleeker, 1863 (Longneck croaker) |-- Pteroscion peli (Bleeker, 1863) (Boe drum) |--o Pterotolithus [2] | |-- P. lateoides (Bleeker, 1850) (Bigmouth croaker) | `-- P. maculatus (Cuvier, 1830) (Blotched tiger-toothed croaker) |-- Roncador stearnsii (Steindachner, 1876) (Spotfin croaker) |--o Sciaena [Sciaenops] Olig. Mioc. Eu. NA. R. Oc. [3] | |-- †S. knyrkoi | |?- S. aquila (kotkakala) | |-- S. bathytatos Chao & Miller, 1975 (Deepwater drum) | |-- S. deliciosa (Tschudi, 1846) | `-- S. umbra Linnaeus, 1758 [Johnius umbra?] (korppikala; Brown meagre) |-- Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Red drum) |-- Seriphus politus Ayres, 1860 (Queen croaker) |-- Sonorolux fluminis Trewavas, 1977 (Estuary croaker) |-- Stellifer [21] |-- Totoaba macdonaldi (Gilbert, 1890) (Totoaba) `--o Umbrina Plioc. Eu. R. Oc. [16] |-- U. analis Günther, 1868 (Longspine drum) |-- U. broussonnetii Cuvier, 1830 (Striped drum) |-- U. bussingi Lopez S., 1980 (Bussing's drum) |-- U. canariensis Valenciennes, 1843 (Canary drum) |-- U. canosai Berg, 1895 (Argentine croaker) |-- U. cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (patarumpukala; Shi drum) |-- U. coroides Cuvier, 1830 (Sand drum) |-- U. dorsalis Gill, 1862 (Longfin drum) |-- U. galapagorum Steindachner, 1878 (Galápagos drum) |-- U. milliae Miller, 1971 |-- U. reedi Günther, 1880 |-- U. roncador Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Yellowfin drum) |-- U. ronchus Valenciennes, 1843 (Fusca drum) |-- U. steindachneri Cadenat, 1951 (Steindachner's drum) |-- U. wintersteeni Walker & Radford, 1992 (Wintersteen drum) `-- U. xanti Gill, 1862 (Polla drum)
Reference(s):
- Aguilera, O. & Rodrigues de Aguilera, D., 2003: Two new otolith-based sciaenid species of the genus Plagioscion from South American Neogene marine sediments.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 77, #6, pp. 1133-1138 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968. - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600 - Westgate, J. W., 1989: Lower vertebrates from an estuarine facies of the Middle Eocene Laredo Formation (Claiborne Group), Webb County, Texas.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 9, #3, pp. 282-294