After Nelson, 1994, Sparks, Dunlap & Smith, 2005, and Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2007, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Leiognathidae [Equulidae] (lima-ahvenet) [N: 3/24] [FB: 3/32] |--+?- “Leiognathus” longispinis [= Leiognathus smithursti (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)] (Smithurst's ponyfish) | `--o “Leiognathus” fasciatus -group | |-- “Leiognathus” fasciatus (Lacepède, 1803) (Striped ponyfish) | `--+-- “Leiognathus” sp. “Singapore” | `-- “Leiognathus” sp. “Madagascar” `--+--o Leiognathus equulus -group [Leiognathus Lacepède, 1802 sensu stricto] | |-- Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål, 1775) (Common ponyfish) | `--+-- Leiognathus sp. “Fiji” | `-- Leiognathus robustus `--+-- “Leiognathus” sp. “Sri Lanka” `--+--+--o “Leiognathus” -group G sensu Sparks et al., 2005 | | |-- “Leiognathus” dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1835) (Dussumier's ponyfish) | | `--+-- “Leiognathus” sp. cf. N. daura [“Sri Lanka L1”] | | |-- “Leiognathus” daura (Cuvier, 1829) “Sri Lanka L28” (Goldstripe ponyfish) | | `--o Nuchequula Whitley, 1932 sensu Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2007 [taxonomic history] | | |?- N. sp. “Philippines” (Sparks et al., 2005) | | |-- N. decora (De Vis, 1884) [taxonomic history] (Decorated ponyfish) | | `--+-- N. mannusella Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2007 | | `--+-- N. blochii (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) [taxonomic history] (Twoblotch ponyfish) | | `--+-- N. pan (Wongratana, 1988) [taxonomic history] | | `-- N. nuchalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) [taxonomic history] | `--o Photoplagios Sparks, Dunlap & Smith, 2005 [taxonomic history] | |?- ?P. klunzingeri (Steindachner, 1898) [taxonomic history] | |--+--+?- P. moretoniensis (Ogilby, 1912) [taxonomic history] (Moreton Bay ponyfish) | | | `-- P. stercorarius (Evermann & Seale, 1907) [taxonomic history] (Oblong slipmouth) | | `--+-- P. sp. “Madagascar” | | `-- P. lineolatus (Valenciennes, 1835) [taxonomic history] (Ornate ponyfish) | `--+-- P. elongatus (Günther, 1874) [taxonomic history] (Slender ponyfish) | `--+-- P. rivulatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) [taxonomic history] | `--+?- P. parviceps Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835 [taxonomic history] | `-- P. leuciscus (Günther, 1860) [taxonomic history] (Whipfin ponyfish) `--+--o Secutor [N: 3] [FB: 6] | |?- S. interruptus (Valenciennes, 1835) | |--+-- S. hanedai Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989 | | |-- S. megalolepis Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989 | | |-- S. sp. “Philippines” | | `?- S. ruconius (Hamilton, 1822) (Deep pugnose ponyfish) | `--+-- S. sp. “Madagascar” | `--+?- S. insidiator (Bloch, 1787) (Pugnose ponyfish) | `-- S. indicius Monkolprasit, 1973 `--+--o Gazza [N: 2] [FB: 3] | |?- G. rhombea | |--+-- G. dentex (Valenciennes, 1835) (Ovoid toothpony) | | |-- G. sp. “Fiji” | | `-- G. achlamys Jordan & Starks, 1917 (Smalltoothed ponyfish) | `--+-- G. squamiventralis | `--+-- G. sp. “Madagascar” | `-- G. minuta (Bloch, 1795) (Toothpony) `--+--o “Leiognathus” -group H | |-- “L.” philippinus | `-- “L.” splendens (Cuvier, 1829) (Splendid ponyfish) `--o Photopectoralis Sparks, Dunlap & Smith, 2005 [Leiognathus in partim] |?- P. hataii (Abe & Haneda, 1972) [Leiognathus hataii Abe & Haneda, 1972] (Hatai's ponyfish) |-- P. aureus (Abe & Haneda, 1972) [Leiognathus aureus Abe & Haneda, 1972] (Golden ponyfish) `--+-- P. bindus (Valenciennes, 1835) [Leiognathus bindus (Valenciennes, 1835)] (Orangefin ponyfish) `--+-- P. sp. “East China Sea” `-- P. panayensis (Kimura & Dunlap, in Kimura et al., 2003) [Leiognathus panayensis Kimura & Dunlap, in Kimura et al., 2003]
Leiognathus -species not treated or listed by Sparks, Dunlap & Smith, 2005 , or Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2007
Leiognathus [Equula] Olig. Mioc. Eu. R. Oc.
†L. altapinnus
L. berbis (Valenciennes, 1835) (Berber ponyfish)
L. brevirostris (Valenciennes, 1835) (Shortnose ponyfish)
L. edwardsi Evermann & Seale, 1907
L. rapsoni Munro, 1964 (Rapson's ponyfish)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Chakrabarty, P. & Sparks, J. S., 2007: Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Nuchequula Whitley, 1932 (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), with the description of a new species.
–American Museum Novitates: #3588, pp. 1-25 - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600 - Sparks, J. S., Dunlap, P. V. & Smith, W. L., 2005: Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), incuding diagnoses for two new genera.
–Cladistics: Vol. 21, pp. 305-327