After Nelson, 1994, Bannikov & Tyler, 1995, Tyler & Bannikov, 1997, and Tyler, 2000

<==o Acanthurinae (varsinaiset välskärikalat)
   |-- †Proacanthurus Blot & Tyler, 1991 [4]
   |-- †Protozebrasoma Sorbini & Tyler, 1998
   |-- †Tauichthys (Tyler, 1999)
   |--o Prionurus [Xesurus] [Prionurini] [6]
   |  |-- P. biafraensis (Blache & Rossignol, 1961) (Biafra doctorfish)
   |  |-- P. laticlavius (Valenciennes, 1846) (Razor surgeonfish)
   |  |-- P. maculatus Ogilby, 1887 (Yellowspotted sawtail)
   |  |-- P. microlepidotus Lacepède, 1804 (Sixplate sawtail)
   |  |-- P. punctatus Gill, 1862 (Yellowtail surgeonfish)
   |  `-- P. scalprus Valenciennes, 1835 (Scalpel sawtail)
   `--+--o Zebrasomini
      |  |-- Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1766) [Paracanthurus Bleeker, 1863] (Palette surgeonfish)
      |  `--o Zebrastoma Swainson, 1839 [Zeprasoma] Tert. WInd. R. Oc. [6]
      |     |-- Z. flavescens (Bennett, 1828) (Yellow tang)
      |     |-- Z. gemmatum (Valenciennes, 1835) (Spotted tang)
      |     |-- Z. rostratum (Günther, 1875) (Longnose surgeonfish)
      |     |-- Z. scopas (Cuvier, 1829) (Twotone tang)
      |     |-- Z. veliferum (Bloch, 1795) (purjevälskärikala; Sailfin tang)
      |     `-- Z. xanthurum (Blyth, 1852) (keltapyrstovälskärikala; Yellowtail tang)
      `--o Acanthurini [2/42]
         |-- Acanthurus Forsskål, 1775, M. Eoc. Mioc. Eu. R. Oc. (välskärikalat) [36 species]
         `--o Ctenochaetus Gill, 1885
            |-- C. binotatus Randall, 1955 (Twospot surgeonfish)
            |-- C. hawaiiensis Randall, 1955 (Chevron tang)
            |-- C. marginatus (Valenciennes, 1835) (Striped-fin surgeonfish)
            |-- C. striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Striated surgeonfish)
            |-- C. strigosus (Bennett, 1828) (Spotted surgeonfish)
            `-- C. tominiensis Randall, 1955 (Tomini surgeonfish)

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