After Li, Grande & Wilson, 1997, Zhang, 1998 and Hilton, 2003
<==o OSTEOGLOSSOMORPHA (luukieliset) |?- †Juiquanichthyidae Ma, 1984 |?- †Lycopteridae Liu, Su, Huang & Chang, 1963 [Lycopteriformes] |?-o †Ichthyodectiformes | |-- †Allothrissopidae | |-- †Occithrissopidae | |?- †Thryptodontidae [Plethodontidae] | `--o †Ichthyodectoidei Romer, 1966 | `-- †Ichthyodectidae Crook, 1892 [incl. Cladocyclidae, Saurodontidae] `--+-- †Kuyangichthidae `--+-- Hiodontidae [Hiodontiformes] `--o Osteoglossiformes sensu Zhang, 1998 |-- †Huashiidae Chang & Chou, 1977 `--o Osteoglossiformes (arapaimakalat) |--o Osteoglossoidei [Osteoglossidae sensu Li, Grande & Wilson, 1997] (arapaimamaiset) | |-- Heterotididae [Heterotidinae] (arapaimat) | `--o Osteoglossidae Bonaparte, 1832 sensu lato | |-- †“Phaerodutidae” | `--+-- Pantopontidae (perhoskalat) | `--+?- †Singidididae | `-- Osteoglossidae Bonaparte, 1832 sensu stricto [Osteoglossinae] (arawanat) `--o NOTOPTEROIDEI (teräkalamaiset) |-- †Ostariostomidae `--+--o NOTOPTEROIDEA (teräkalansukuiset) | `-- Notopteridae (teräkalat) `--o MORMYROIDEA (norsukalansukuiset) |-- Mormyridae (varsinaiset norsukalat) `-- Gymnarchidae (nauhanorsukalat)
Reference(s):
- Hilton, E. J., 2003: Comperative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 137, #1, pp. 1-100 - Li, G-Q., Grande, L. & Wilson, M. V. H., 1997: The species of †Phareodus (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) from the Eocene of North America and their phylogenetic relationships.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 17, #3, pp. 487-505 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994. XX-600. - Zhang, J.-Y., 1998: Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of †Kuntulunia (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #2, pp. 280-300