After Nelson, 1994 and Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Clupeinae (herrings; sillit) |-- †Audenaerdia casieri Taverne 1973 [Clupavus casieri] L.Cret. |?- †Bolcaichthys catopygopterus (Woodward, 1901) Marramà & Carnevale, 2015 [Clupea catopygoptera Agassiz, 1835-1844 (nomen nudum); Clupea catopygoptera Woodward, 1901; Clupea catopterygia Eastman, 1911; ‘Clupea’ catopygoptera Grande, 1985] |-- †Gosiutichthys parvus Eoc. NA. |--o Amblygaster | |-- A. clupeoides Bleeker, 1849 (Bleeker smoothbelly sardinella) | |-- A. leiogaster (Valenciennes, 1847) (Smooth-belly sardinella) | `-- A. sirm (Walbaum, 1792) (Spotted sardinella) |--o Clupea Linnaeus, 1758 [Alonsina; Clupeops; Sahelinia] Eoc. Pleist. Eu. Olig. SA. Mioc. WAs. EInd. Plioc. NAf. R. Oc. (sillit) | |?- †“Clupea” inflata Vukotinovi´c, 1870 | |-- †C. humilis | |-- C. bentincki Norman, 1936 [Strangomera bentincki (Norman, 1936)] (Araucanian herring) | |--o C. harengus Linnaeus, 1758 (silli; Atlantic herring) | | |-- C. h. harengus Linnaeus, 1758 (silli; Atlantic herring) | | `-- C. h. membras Linnaeus, 1761 (silakka; Baltic herring) | `--o C. pallasii Valenciennes, 1847 (tyynenmerensilli; Pacific herring) | |-- C. p. pallasii Valenciennes, 1847 (tyynenmerensilli; Pacific herring) | |-- C. p. marisalbi Berg, 1923 (vienanmerensilli; White Sea herring) | `-- C. p. suworowi Rabinerson, 1927 (Chosa herring) |--o Clupeonella | |--o C. abrau (Malyatskii, 1930) (Abrau sprat) | | |-- C. a. abrau (Malyatskii, 1930) (Abrau sprat) | | `-- C. a. muhlisi Neu, 1934 | |-- C. cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) (Black Sea sprat) | |-- C. engrauliformis (Borodin, 1904) (Anchovy sprat) | `-- C. grimmi Kessler, 1877 (Southern Caspian sprat) |--o Escualosa | |-- E. elongata Wongratana, 1983 (Slender white sardine) | `-- E. thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847) (White sardine) |--o Harengula | |-- H. clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) (False herring) | |-- H. humeralis (Cuvier, 1829) (Redear herring) | |-- H. jaguana Poey, 1865 (Scaled herring) | `-- H. thrissina (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Pacific flatiron herring) |--o Herklotsichthys | |-- H. blackburni (Whitley, 1948) (Blackburn's herring) | |-- H. castelnaui (Ogilby, 1897) (Castelnau's herring) | |-- H. collettei Wongratana, 1987 | |-- H. dispilonotus (Bleeker, 1852) (Blacksaddle herring) | |-- H. gotoi Wongratana, 1983 (Goto's herring) | |-- H. koningsbergeri (Weber & de Beaufort, 1912) (Koningsberger's herring) | |-- H. lippa (Whitley, 1931) (Australian spotted herring) | |-- H. lossei Wongratana, 1983 (Gulf herring) | |-- H. punctatus (Rüppell, 1837) (Spotback herring) | |-- H. quadrimaculatus (Rüppell, 1837) (Bluestripe herring) | |-- H. sp. [Species C, Wongratana, 1987] | `-- H. spilurus (Guichenot, 1863) (Reunion herring) |--o Lile | |-- L. gracilis Castro-Aguirre & Vivero, 1990 (Graceful piquitinga) | |-- L. piquitinga (Schreiner & Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903) (Atlantic piquitinga) | `-- L. stolifera (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Pacific piquitinga) |--o Opisthonema Mioc. NA. R. Oc. | |-- O. berlangai Berry & Barrett, 1963 (Galapagos thread herring) | |-- O. bulleri (Regan, 1904) (Slender thread herring) | |-- O. libertate (Günther, 1867) (Pacific thread herring) | |-- O. medirastre Berry & Barrett, 1963 (Middling thread herring) | `-- O. oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) (Atlantic thread herring) |-- Platanichthys platana (Regan, 1917) (River Plate sprat) |--o Ramnogaster | |-- R. arcuata (Jenyns, 1842) (Jenyns's sprat) | `-- R. melanostoma (Eigenmann, 1907) [Pomolobus melanostomus Eigenmann, 1907] (Uruguay river sprat) |-- Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (sardilli; European pilchard) |--o Sardinella Mioc. Eu. R. Oc. | |-- †S. sardinites (Heckel, 1850) [Meletta sardinites Heckel, 1850; Meletta longimana Heckel, 1850; Meletta crenata Heckel, 1850] | |-- S. albella (Valenciennes, 1847) (White sardinella) | |-- S. atricauda (Günther, 1868) (Bleeker's blacktip sardinella) | |-- S. aurita Valenciennes, 1847 (kultasardiini; Round sardinella) | |-- S. brachysoma Bleeker, 1852 (Deepbody sardinella) | |-- S. brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) (Brazilian sardinella) | |-- S. fijiense (Fowler & Bean, 1923) (Fiji sardinella) | |-- S. fimbriata (Valenciennes, 1847) (Fringescale sardinella) | |-- S. gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) (Goldstripe sardinella) | |-- S. hualiensis (Chu & Tsai, 1958) (Taiwan sardinella) | |-- S. jussieui (Valenciennes, 1847) (Mauritian sardinella) | |-- S. lemuru Bleeker, 1853 (Bali sardinella) | |-- S. longiceps Valenciennes, 1847 (Indian oil sardine) | |-- S. maderensis (Lowe, 1838) (Madeiran sardinella) | |-- S. marquesensis Berry & Whitehead, 1968 (Marquesan sardinella) | |-- S. melanura (Cuvier, 1829) (Blacktip sardinella) | |-- S. neglecta Wongratana, 1983 (East African sardinella) | |-- S. richardsoni Wongratana, 1983 (Richardson's sardinella) | |-- S. rouxi (Poll, 1953) (Yellowtail sardinella) | |-- S. sindensis (Day, 1878) (Sind sardinella) | |-- S. tawilis (Herre, 1927) (Freshwater sardinella) | `-- S. zunasi (Bleeker, 1854) (Japanese sardinella) |-- Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842) (eteläamerikansardilli; South American pilchard) |--o Sprattus [Meletta] Olig. Eu. R. Oc. (kilohailit) | |-- †S. crenatus | |-- S. antipodum (Hector, 1872) (New Zealand blueback sprat) | |-- S. fuegensis (Jenyns, 1842) (Falkland sprat) | |-- S. muelleri (Klunzinger, 1880) [S. mülleri] (New Zealand sprat) | |-- S. novaehollandiae (Valenciennes, 1847) (Australian sprat) | `--o S. sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (kilohaili; European sprat) | |-- S. s. sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (atlantinkilohaili; European sprat) | `-- S. s. balticus (Schneider, 1908) (itämerenkilohaili; Baltic sprat) `== 2 other genera?
Reference(s):
- Carnevale, G., Bannikov, A. F., Landini, W. & Sorbini, C., 2006: Volhynian (Early Sarmatian sensu lato) fishes from Tsurevsky, North Caucasus, Russia.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 80, #4, pp. 684-699 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Marramà, G. & Carnevale, G., 2015: The Eocene sardine †Bolcaichthys catopygopterus (Woodward, 1901) from Monte Bolca, Italy: osteology, taxonomy, and paleobiology.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 35, #6, Art.nr. e1014490, pp. 1-14 [doi: 10.1080/02724634.2015.1014490] - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600