After Dyer & Chernoff, 1996, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001- [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Atherinidae Günther (silversides; hopeakyljet) |?- †Prosphyraena M. Eoc. Eu. |?-o †Rhamphognathus [Mesogaster] M. Eoc. Eu. | `-- †R. sphyraenoides |?- †Zanteclites Mioc. NA. |-- Atherinomorinae Dyer & Chernoff, 1996 `--+--o Craterocephalinae Dyer & Chernoff, 1996 | |?- Allanetta Whitley [not recognized by the Fishbase] | `--+?- Quirichthys Whitley [not recognized by the Fishbase] | `-- Craterocephalus McCulloch [25] `--o Atherininae |--o Atherinosoma Gastelnau [2] | |-- A. elongata (Klunzinger, 1880) | `-- A. microstoma (Günther, 1861) Small-mouth hardyhead `--+?- Atherinason hepsetoides (Richardson, 1843) Whitney [sedis mutabilis] |?-o Leptatherina Pavlov, Ivantsoff, Last, & Crowley, 1988 [2] [sedis mutabilis] | |-- L. presbyteroides (Richardson, 1843) | `-- L. wallacei (Prince, Ivantsoff & Potter, 1982) (Western hardyhead) `--+--o Kestratherina Pavlov, Ivantsoff, Last, & Crowley, 1988 [2] | |-- K. brevirostris Pavlov, Ivantsoff, Last, & Crowley, 1988 (Short-snout hardyhead) | `-- K. esox (Klunzinger, 1872) `--o Atherina Linnaeus, 1758; M. Eoc. R. Eu. Mioc. R. As. R. NA. (hopeakyljet) [5] |-- A. boyeri Risso, 1810 (Big-scale sand smelt) |-- A. breviceps Valenciennes, 1835 (Cape silverside) |-- A. hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mediterranean sand smelt) |-- A. lopeziana Rossignol & Blache, 1961 `-- A. presbyter Cuvier, 1829 (hopeakylki; Sand smelt)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088. - Dyer, B. S. & Chernoff, B., 1996: Phylogenetic relationships among atheriniform fishes (Teleostei: Atherinomorpha).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 117, #1, pp. 1-69 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600