Department
of Public Health
University of Helsinki,
Finland
harri.hemila@helsinki.fi
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila
Oct 28,
2022
About
89% of the variation in the effect of vitamin
E
supplementation on pneumonia risk for five subgroups of the ATBC
population was true variation in vitamin
E
effect instead of chance variation.
Hemila
H.
6.Vitamin
E and the risk of pneumonia: using the I2-statistic to quantify
heterogeneity within a controlled trial.
Br
J
Nutrition 2016
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516003408
Vitamin
E may decrease the incidence of pneumonia in elderly males by 72% if
they are not smoking
Hemila
H.
5.Vitamin
E administration may decrease the incidence of pneumonia in elderly
males.
Clinical
Interventions in Aging 2016
https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S114515
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055121
Very
strong evidence that vitamin E effect on pneumonia incidence is
modified by smoking and level of exercise (P = 0.0004)
Vitamin E
increased risk in some people, decreased risk in some other people,
and had no effect in the majority.
Hemila
H, Kaprio J.
4.Subgroup
analysis of large trials can guide further research: a case study of
vitamin E and pneumonia.
Clin Epidemiol
2011
https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S16114
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3046185
Different
approach compared with that above.
Restriction
to males who started smoking at early age (see Chest 2004 below): pneumonia risk was
increased 14% by vitamin E.
The
increase in pneumonia risk was restricted to low weight participants (+61%) and
high weight participants (+134%).
Hemila
H, Kaprio J.
3.Vitamin
E
supplementation and pneumonia risk in males who initiated smoking at
an early age: effect modification by body weight and vitamin C.
Nutr J
2008
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-7-33
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2603040
Vitamin
E halved the incidence of pneumonia in Finnish males who carried out
leisure time exercise.
Hemila
H, Kaprio J, Albanes D, Virtamo J.
2.Physical
activity and pneumonia in male smokers administered vitamin E and
β-carotene.
Int J
Sports Med 2006
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-865670
https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/18749
Vitamin
E effect on the incidence of pneumonia was significantly modified by
smoking
Hemila
H, Virtamo J, Albanes D, Kaprio J.
1.Vitamin
E and beta-carotene supplementation and hospital-treated pneumonia
incidence in male smokers.
Chest
2004
https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.125.2.557
Vitamin
E increased TB risk by 125% in people who had high dietary intake of
vitamin C and smoked heavily
Hemila
H, Kaprio J.
2.Vitamin
E
supplementation may transiently increase tuberculosis risk in males
who smoke heavily and have high dietary vitamin C intake.
Br
J Nutr 2008 [Discussion: 2009;101:145-147]
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508923709
Comments:
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508994411
Reply:
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508994423
Hemila
H, Kaprio J, Pietinen P, Albanes D, Heinonen OP.
1.Vitamin
C and other compounds in vitamin C rich food in relation to risk of
tuberculosis in male smokers.
Am
J Epidemiology 1999
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010062
Very
strong evidence that the effect of vitamin E on the risk of common
cold depends on age.
Vitamin
E increased or decreased common cold risk in men older than 65
years
Hemila H,
Virtamo J, Albanes D, Kaprio J.
3.The
effect of vitamin E on common cold incidence is modified by age,
smoking and residential neighborhood.
J
Am Coll Nutr 2006
https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2006.10719543
https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/228095
Vitamin
E had no substantial effect on common cold risk in males with heavy
job or with heavy leisure time exercises.
Hemila
H, Virtamo J, Albanes D, Kaprio J.
2.Physical
activity and the common cold in men administered vitamin E and
β-carotene.
MSSE
2003
https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/18380
https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000093616.60899.92
Dietary
vitamin E intake did not correlate with the common cold
incidence
Hemila
H, Kaprio J, Albanes D, Heinonen OP, Virtamo J.
1.Vitamin
C, vitamin E and beta-carotene in relation to common cold incidence
in male smokers.
Epidemiology
2002
https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/18059
https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200201000-00006
https://www.jstor.org/pss/3703244
Further evidence
of heterogeneity in the effects of vitamin E on mortality
Hemilä H.
6. Vitamin E and
Mortality in Male Smokers of the ATBC Study: Implications for
Nutritional Recommendations.
Frontiers in Nutrition 2020
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00036
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7136753/
In
Finnish male smokers, vitamin E extended life span by half
a year
Hemila
H, Kaprio J.
3.Vitamin
E may affect the life expectancy of men, depending on dietary vitamin
C intake and smoking.
Age Ageing
2011
https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq178
Very
strong evidence that vitamin E effect on mortality is modified by age
and dietary vitamin C intake (P = 0.0005)
Hemila
H, Kaprio J.
1.Modification
of the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the mortality of male
smokers by age and dietary vitamin C.
Am J Epidemiol
2009
https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwn413
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2661323/