After Kayal, Roure, Philippe, Collins & Lavrov, 2013
<==o Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888 [Cridaria (lapsus calami)] (polttiaiseläimet) |--+--o †Trilobozoa | | |-- †Albumares | | |-- †Anfesta | | |-- †Hallidaya | | |-- †Tribrachidium | | `?- †Rugoconides | `--o †Anabaritida | |-- †Angustiochreidae | `--o †Anabaritidae Missarzhevsky, 1974 [non Glaessner, 1979] | `-- †Anabarites `--+?- †Xianguangiida |?- †Echmatocriniida `--+--o Hexacorallia Haeckel, 1896 [Zoantharia de Blainville, 1830] (sea anemones and stone corals) | |?- †Kilbuchophyllia [Kilbuchophyllida] | |?- †Tabuloconida | |?- †Cothonion [Cothoniida] | |?- †Tabulata (tabulates; kennokorallit) | |?- †Heliolitida [Tabulata in partim] | |?- †Heterocorallia | |?- †Rugosa (Rugosa corals; sarvikorallit) | |-- Ceriantharia [Ceriantipatharia Van Beneden, 1898 in partim] (Tube-dwelling anemones) | `--+-- Zoanthidea [Zoanthiniaria; Zoantharia de Blainville, 1830] (zoanthids; kukkakorallit) | `--+-- Actiniaria (sea anemones; merivuokot) | `--+-- Antipatharia Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1857 [Ceriantipatharia Van Beneden, 1898 in partim] (black corals; mustakorallit) | `--+-- Corallimorpharia Stephenson, 1937 (mushroom anemones; sienivuokot) | `-- Scleractinia Bourne, 1900 [Madreporaria] (stone corals; kivikorallit) `--+--o Octocorallia Haeckel, 1866 (soft corals, feather corals; sulkakorallit) | |-- Alcyonaria Lamouroux, 1894 (soft corals; pehmytkorallit) | |--o Helioporacea Moseley, 1876 | | |--o Helioporidae | | | `-- Heliopora coerulea | | `--o Lithotelestidae | | `--o Epiphaxum | | |-- E. auloporoides | | |-- E. breve | | |-- E. micropora | | `-- E. septiferum | `-- Pennatulacea Verrill, 1865 (sea pens; merisulat) `--o Medusozoa Petersen, 1979 |--+--o Discomedusae [paraphyletic Scyphozoa Goette, 1887] (liuskameduusat) | | |-- Rhizostomeae | | `-- Semaeostomeae | `--o Hydrozoa Owen, 1843 [incl. Chondrophora Totton, 1954] (polyyppieläimet) | |-- Limnomedusae | `--+== Filifera | `--+-- Leptothecata | `--+-- Capitata Kühn, 1913 | `-- Aplanulata `--+--+?- †Conulariina Miller & Gurley, 1896 [Conulata Moore & Harrington, 1956; Conulariida Miller & Gurley, 1896 sensu Moore & Harrington, 1956] (conulariids; kartiomeduusat; konulaarit) | `-- Coronatae Vanhöffen, 1892 [paraphyletic Scyphozoa Goette, 1887] `--+-- Staurozoa (stalked jellyfishes) `-- Cubozoa Werner, 1975 (box jellyfishes; kuutiomeduusat)
After Conway Morris, 1993, with Recent families from Parker, 1982<==o Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888 [Cridaria (lapsus calami)] (polttiaiseläimet) |--+--o †Trilobozoa | | |-- †Albumares | | |-- †Anfesta | | |-- †Hallidaya | | |-- †Tribrachidium | | `?- †Rugoconides | `--o †Anabaritida | |-- †Angustiochreidae | `--o †Anabaritidae Missarzhevsky, 1974 [non Glaessner, 1979] | `-- †Anabarites `--+--o Hydrozoa sensu Parker, 1980 | |?- †Conchopeltis Walcott, 1876 [Conchopeltina Moore & Harrington, 1956b: Conchopeltidae] | |-- Hydrozoa Owen, 1843 (polyyppieläimet) | `--o Chondrophora (uimapolyypit) | |--o Porpitidae Goldfuss, 1818 | | |-- Porpema prunella (Haeckel, 1888) | | `-- Porpita porpita (Linnaeus, 1758) Lesson, 1826 [Porpita pacifica Lesson, 1826; Porpita linneana Lesson, 1843 (nomen dubium); Porpita umbela Müller, 1776 (nomen dubium)] (Portugese Man of War) | `--o Velellidae | `-- Velella velella (Linnaeus, 1758) Lamarck, 1801 [Velella spirans (Forskal); Velella lata Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821 (nomen dubium)] `--+--+-- †Fasciculida | `-- Ctenophora [usually treated as independent phylum, closer to Bilateralia than to Cnidaria] (kampamaneetit; comb jellies) `--+--o Medusozoa Petersen, 1979 | |-- Staurozoa (stalked jellyfishes) | `--+-- Cubozoa Werner, 1975 (box jellyfishes; kuutiomeduusat) | `-- Scyphozoa Goette, 1887 [incl. †Conulata Moore & Harrington, 1956a] (meduusat, liuskameduusat) `--o ?Anthozoa sensu Parker, 1980 |-- †Xianguangiida |?- Alcyonaria `--+-- Pennatulacea (merisulat) `--+-- †Echmatocriniida `-- Anthozoa (korallieläimet) |
Reference(s):
- Conway Morris, S., 1993: The fossil record and early evolution of the Metazoa.
–Nature, vol. 361, 21 January, pp. 219-225 - Fautin, D. G., Romano, S. L. & Oliver, W. A. Jr., 1999: Zoantharia – Sea Anemones and corals.
–iNet: The Tree of Life - Hou & Bergström, 1997: Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China.
–Fossils & Strata, Number 45, 22nd December 1997, pp. 1-116 - Kayal, E., Roure, B., Philippe, H., Collins, A. & Lavrov, D., 2013: Cnidarian phylogenetic relationships as revealed by mitogenomics.
–BMC Evolutionary Biology: Vol. 13, #1, pp. 5(1-18) [doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-5] - Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company
–iNet: The Tree of Life