After Olson, 1985, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, Feduccia, 1980, 1997, Holdaway, Worthy & Tennyson, 2001, and Peterson, 2002-2003
<==o Apterygiformes (Haeckel, 1866) (kiwis; kiivilinnut) `--o Apterygidae Gray, 1840 (kiwis; kiivit) `--o Apteryx Shaw, 1813 (kiivit) |--o A. australis Shaw, 1813 (ruskokiivi) | |-- A. a. australis Shaw, 1813 | `-- A. a. lawryi Rothschild, 1893 |-- A. mantelli Bartlett, 1852 |-- A. owenii Gould, 1847 (pikkukiivi) `-- A. haastii Potts, 1872 (kirjokiivi)
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, Hew Haven, 1996 - Holdaway, R. N., Worthy, T. H. & Tennyson, A. J. D., 2001: A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact.
–New Zealand Journal of Zoology: Vol. 28, pp. 119-187 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2003-10-13)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2003-10-14] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.