After Olson, 1985, Feduccia, 1996, Dyke & Gulas, 2002, Mayr & Weidig, 2004, and Livezey & Zusi, 2007
<==o Galliformes Temminck, 1820 (landfowl; kanalinnut) |--o †Gallinuloididae Lucas, 1900 | |-- †Gallinuloides wyomingensis Eastman, 1900; L. Eoc. NA. | `--o †Paraortygoides Mayr, 2000; M. Eoc. CEu. | |-- †P. messelensis Mayr, 2000 | `-- †P. radagasti Dyke & Gulas, 2002 |--o †Paraortygidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992 | |-- †Pirortyx major (Gaillard, 1939) Brodkorb, 1964 [Palaeortyx major Gaillard, 1939] | `--o †Paraortyx Brodkorb, 1964(??) | |-- †P. lorteti [Palaeortyx cayluxensis Lydekker, 1891; Palaeortyx gaillardi Lambrecht, 1933; Ludiortyx gaillardi (Lambrecht) Brodkorb, 1964] | `-- †P. brancoi `--+--o †Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992 [incl. Palintropidae] | |?-o †Palintropus Brodkorb, 1970 sensu Hope, 2002 | | |-- †P. sp. [undescribed, U. Cret. NWNA.] (Hope, 2002) | | `-- †P. retusus (Marsh, 1892) [Cimolopteryx retusa (Marsh, 1892; Apatornis retusus (Marsh, 1892) Brodkorb, 1962] | |-- †Taubacrex granivora Alvarenga, 1988 | |--o †Ameripodius Alvarenga, 1995 | | |-- †A. silvasantosi Alvarenga, 1995 | | `-- †A. alexis Mourer-Chauviré, 2000 | `--o †Quercymegapodius Mourer-Chauviré, 1992 | |-- †Q. depereti (Gaillard, 1908) [Palaeocryptonyx depereti Gaillard, 1908 (non Palaeocryptonyx edwardsi (Depéret, 1887))] | `-- †Q. brodkorbi Mourer-Chauviré, 1992 `--o Galliformes sensu stricto (Recent galliforms; nykykanalinnut) |--o †Taoperdix | |-- †T. pesseiti (Gervais, 1862) | `-- †T. miocaena [=? Palaeortyx miocaena Gaillard, 1939 (jr. synon. of Palaeocryptonyx edwardsi (Depéret, 1887))] |--o Craci Sibley et al., 1988 sensu Livezey & Zusi, 2007 | |--o Megapodioidea (Lesson, 1831) (isojalkakanojensukuiset kanalinnut) | | `-- Megapodidae Lesson, 1831 [Sylviornithidae Mourer-Chauviré & Balouet, 2005] (megapodes and relatives; isojalkakanat, malleekanat) | `--o Cracoidea (Vigors, 1825) (currasow-like galliforms; hokkokanojensukuiset kanalinnut) | |?- †Procrax brevipes Tordoff & Macdonald, 1957 | `-- Cracidae Vigors, 1825 (currasows and relatives; hokkokanat) `--o Phasiani (Vigors, 1825) sensu Livezey & Zusi, 2007 |--o Meleagridoidea (Gray, 1840) (turkeys; kalkkunat) | `-- Meleagrididae Gray, 1840 (turkeys; kalkkunat) `--o Phasianoidea (Vigors, 1825) sensu Livezey & Zusi, 2007 (peltokanojensukuiset kanalinnut) `==o Phasianidae (Vigors, 1825) sensu Livezey & Zusi, 2007 [incl. Tetraonidae, Numididae, & Odontophoridae] (pheasants and relatives; peltokanat, mesäkanat & kalkkunat) |-- Tetraoninae (Vigors, 1838) |-- Perdicinae (Bonaparte, 1838) |-- Odontophorinae Gould, 1844 (New World quails; amerikanpeltokanat) |-- Phasianinae Vigors, 1825 `-- Numidinae Reichenbach, 1850 (guinea fowls; helmikanat)
Galliformes incertae sedis:
†Argillipes Harrison & Walker, 1977
†A. aurorum Harrison & Walker, 1977
†A. paralectoris Harrison & Walker, 1977
†Percolinus venablesi Harrison & Walker, 1977
†Coturnipes cooperi Harrison & Walker, 1977
Alternative phylogeny after Dyke & Gulas, 2002, and Mayr & Weidig, 2004<==o Galliformes sensu stricto (Recent galliforms; nykykanalinnut) |--o †Taoperdix | |-- †T. pesseiti (Gervais, 1862) | `-- †T. miocaena [=? Palaeortyx miocaena Gaillard, 1939 (jr. synon. of Palaeocryptonyx edwardsi (Depéret, 1887))] |--o Megapodioidea (isojalkakanojensukuiset kanalinnut) | `-- Megapodidae (megapodes and relatives; isojalkakanat, malleekanat) [Recent: 7 genera, 1 of them extinct / 21 species, 2 of them extinct] `--+--o Cracoidea (currasow-like galliforms; hokkokanojensukuiset kanalinnut) | |?- †Procrax brevipes Tordoff & Macdonald, 1957 | `-- Cracidae (currasows and relatives; hokkokanat) `--o Phasianoidea sensu Dyke, Gulas & Crowe, 2003 |--o Numidioidea (helmikanojensukuiset kanalinnut) | `-- Numididae (guinea fowls; helmikanat) `--o Phasianoidea [Phasianidae sensu lato] (peltokanojensukuiset kanalinnut) |== Phasianidae [incl. Tetraonidae & Meleagrididae] (pheasants and relatives; peltokanat, mesäkanat & kalkunat) `-- Odontophoridae (New World quails; amerikanpeltokanat) |
Reference(s):
- Dyke, G. J. & Gulas, B. E., 2002: The fossil galliform bird Paraortygoides from the Lower Eocene of the United Kingdom.
–American Museum Novitates: #3360, pp. 1-14 - Dyke, G. J., Gulas, B. E. & Crowe, T. M., 2003: Suprageneric relationships of Galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistic analysis of morphological characters.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 137, #1, pp. 227-244 - Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The origin and evolution of birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996, xii-420 - Hope, S., 2002: The Mesozoic Radiation of Neornithes. 339-388.
in Chiappe, L. M. & Witmer, L. M., (eds.) 2002: Mesozoic Birds - Above the Heads of Dinosaur.
–University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 2002, xii-520 - Kimball, R. T., Braun, E. L., Ligon, J. D., Lucchini, V. & Randi, E., 2001: A molecular phylogeny of the peacock-pheasants (Galliformes: Polyplecton spp.) indicates loss and reduction of ornamental traits and display behaviours.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 73, #2, pp. 187-198 - Livezey, B. C. & Zusi, R. L., 2007: Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comperative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 149, #1, pp. 1-95 - Mayr, G. & Weidig, I., 2004: The early Eocene bird Gallinuloides wyomigensis – a stem group representative of Galliformes.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 49, #2, pp. 211-217 - Mourer-Chauviré, C., 2000: A new species of Ameripodius (Aves: Galliformes: Quercymegapodiidae) from the Lower Miocene of France.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 43, #3, pp. 481-493 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.